The BeatlesPaul McCartney, Ringo Starr, George Harrison, and John Lennon Origin Liverpool, England Rock/Pop - Years active 1960--1970 Parlophone, Capitol, Apple, Vee-Jay, Polydor, Swan, Tollie Related to Tony Sheridan, The Quarrymen, The Plastic Ono Band, The Dirty Mac, Wings, Traveling Wilburys, (more)

The BeatlesPaul McCartney, Ringo Starr, George Harrison, and John Lennon Origin Liverpool, England Rock/Pop - Years active 1960--1970 Parlophone, Capitol, Apple, Vee-Jay, Polydor, Swan, Tollie Related to Tony Sheridan, The Quarrymen, The Plastic Ono Band, The Dirty Mac, Wings, Traveling Wilburys, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, Ringo Starr All-Starr Band, Billy Preston Members - Ever to DateJohn LennonPaul McCartneyGeorge HarrisonRingo Starr Former members Stuart SutcliffePete Best The Beatles were an English rock band from Liverpool whose members were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. They are the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed band in the history of popular music.The Beatles are the best-selling musical act of all time in the United States of America, according to the Recording Industry Association of America, which certified them as the highest selling band of all time based on American sales of singles and albums. In the United Kingdom, The Beatles released more than 40 different singles, albums, and EPs that reached number one. This commercial success was repeated in many other countries: their record company, EMI, estimated that by 1985 they had sold over one billion discs and tapes worldwide. In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked The Beatles #1 on their list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. According to that same magazine, their innovative music and cultural impact helped define the 1960s,[2] and their influence on pop culture can still be felt today.The Beatles led the mid-1960s musical "British Invasion" into the United States. Although their initial musical style was rooted in 1950s rock and roll and homegrown skiffle, the group explored genres ranging from Tin Pan Alley to psychedelic rock. Their clothes, styles, and statements made them trend-setters, while their growing social awareness saw their influence extend into the social and cultural revolutions of the 1960s.1957--1960: FormationThe QuarrymenIn March 1957, John Lennon formed a skiffle group called The Quarrymen whilst attending Quarry Bank Grammar School in Liverpool.[6] Lennon and the Quarrymen met guitarist Paul McCartney at the Woolton Garden Fête held at St. Peter's Church on 6 July 1957.[7] On 6 February 1958, the young guitarist George Harrison was invited to watch the group (who played under a variety of names) at Wilson Hall, Garston, Liverpool.[8] McCartney had become acquainted with Harrison on the morning school bus ride to the Liverpool Institute, as they both lived in Speke. At McCartney's insistence, Harrison joined the Quarrymen as lead guitarist[9] after a rehearsal in March 1958, overcoming Lennon's initial reluctance because of Harrison's young age.[10] Members continually joined and left the lineup during that period, and in January 1960 Lennon's art school friend Stuart Sutcliffe joined on bass.[11] Lennon and McCartney both played rhythm guitar and the group had a high turnover of drummers.The Quarrymen went through a progression of names — "Johnny and the Moondogs", "Long John and the Beatles", "the Silver Beetles" (derived from Larry Parnes' suggestion of "Long John and the Silver Beetles") — before settling on "The Beatles". There are many theories as to the origin of the name and its unusual spelling. It is usually credited to Lennon, who said that the name was a combination word-play on the insects "beetles" (as a reference to Buddy Holly's band, the Crickets) and the word "beat". Cynthia Lennon suggests that Lennon came up with the name Beatles at a "brainstorming session over a beer-soaked table in the Renshaw Hall bar."[12] Lennon, who was well known for giving multiple versions of the same story joked in a 1961 Mersey Beat magazine article that "It came in a vision — a man appeared on a flaming pie and said unto them, 'From this day on you are Beatles with an A'".[13] During an interview in 2001, Paul McCartney took credit for the peculiar spelling of the name, saying that "John had the idea of calling us the Beetles, I said, 'how about the Beatles; you know, like the beat of the drum?' At the time, everyone was stoned enough to find it hilarious. It's funny how history is made." [14]In May 1960 The Beatles toured northeast Scotland as a back-up band with singer Johnny Gentle.[15] They met Gentle an hour before their first gig, and McCartney referred to the tour as a great experience for the band.[16] For the tour the often drummerless group secured the services of Tommy Moore, who was considerably older than the others.[17] Soon after the tour, however, feeling the age gap was too great Moore left the band and went back to work in a bottling factory as a fork-lift truck driver.[18] Norman Chapman was the band's next drummer, but was called up for National Service in a few weeks. His departure posed a significant problem as the group's unofficial manager, Allan Williams, had arranged for them to perform in clubs on the Reeperbahn in Hamburg, Germany.[19]1960--1970: The BeatlesHamburgOn 15 August 1960, McCartney invited Pete Best to become the group's permanent drummer. He had watched Best play with the Blackjacks[20] in the Casbah Club, owned by Pete's mother, Mona Best. This was a cellar club in West Derby, Liverpool, where The Beatles had played and often visited.[21] In the documentary The Compleat Beatles, Williams said that Best "played not too cleverly, but passable."The Beatles started playing in Hamburg at the Indra and Kaiserkeller bars. They were required to play six or seven hours a night, seven nights a week. Shortly after they began performing at a new venue, the "Top Ten Club",[22] Harrison was deported for having lied to the German authorities about his age.[23] A week later, having started a small fire at their living quarters while vacating it for more luxurious rooms, McCartney and Best were arrested, charged with arson, and deported.[24] Lennon followed the others to Liverpool in mid-December.The reunited Beatles played their first engagement on 17 December 1960 at the Casbah Club and returned to Hamburg in April 1961. Whilst playing at the Top Ten Club they were recruited by singer Tony Sheridan to act as his backing band on a series of recordings for the German Polydor Records label,[25] produced by famed bandleader Bert Kaempfert.[19] Kaempfert signed the group to its own Polydor contract at the first session on 22 June 1961. On 31 October Polydor released the recording "My Bonnie (Mein Herz ist bei dir nur)", which appeared on the German charts under the name "Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers", a generic name used for whoever happened to be in Sheridan's backup band.[26] In addition to the legend that this record led to the group's eventual meeting with Brian Epstein, it also resulted in their first mention in the American press. Around the beginning of 1962, Cashbox mentioned "My Bonnie" as the debut of a "new rock and roll team, Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers". A few copies were also pressed under the Decca label for U.S. disc jockeys, as American Decca had a distribution deal with Polydor parent Deutsche Grammophon.[27] (This was ironic, considering that by this time the then-unaffiliated British Decca had turned down the group's attempt to gain a recording contract.) When the group returned to Liverpool, Sutcliffe stayed on in Hamburg with his new German fiancee Astrid Kirchherr, [28] and McCartney took over bass duties.[29]Their third stay in Hamburg was from 13 April to 31 May 1962, when they opened The Star Club.[19] Upon their arrival they were informed of Sutcliffe's death from a brain haemorrhage.[30]Epstein took over as the group's manager in January 1962 and led The Beatles' quest for a British recording contract. Epstein had been manager of the record department at North End Music Store (NEMS), an offshoot of his family's furniture store. He played on the status of NEMS as a major record dealer to gain access to producers and recording company executives. In a now-famous exchange, Decca Records A&R executive Dick Rowe turned Epstein down flat, informing him that "Guitar groups are on the way out, Mr. Epstein."[31] While Epstein was negotiating with Decca, he also approached EMI marketing executive Ron White.[32] White (who was not himself a record producer) in turn contacted EMI producers Norrie Paramor, Walter Ridley, and Norman Newell, all of whom declined to record The Beatles.[33] White did not approach EMI's fourth staff producer — George Martin — who was on holiday at the time.[34]Record contractAfter failing to impress Decca Records, Epstein went to the HMV store on Oxford Street in London to transfer the Decca tapes to discs. There, recording engineer Jim Foy referred him to Sid Coleman, who ran EMI's publishing arm. When Coleman heard the demo tapes he suggested taking the tapes to George Martin, who, Coleman explained, "does comedy records" and headed the Parlophone label at EMI. Epstein eventually met with Martin, who signed the group to EMI on a one-year renewable contract and scheduled their first recording session on 6 June at EMI's Abbey Road studios in north London.[35] Martin had not been particularly impressed by the band's demo recordings,[36] but he instantly liked them as people when he met them. He concluded that they had raw musical talent, but said (in later interviews) that what made the difference for him was their wit and humour.[37]Martin did have a problem with Pete Best, [36] whom he criticised for not being able to keep time. He privately suggested to Epstein that the band use another drummer in the studio. Best was good-looking and popular with the group's fans, but the three founding members had become increasingly unhappy with his drumming and his personality.[citation needed] There was speculation by some that Best's popularity[38] with fans was another source of friction. In addition, Epstein had become exasperated with his refusal to adopt the distinctive hairstyle as part of their unified look. Best also had missed a number of engagements because of illness. The three founding members enlisted Epstein to dismiss Best - which he did on 16 August 1962.[39] They asked Ringo Starr (born Richard Starkey), the drummer for one of the top Merseybeat groups, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, to join the band, as Starr had performed occasionally with The Beatles in Hamburg.[40] The first recordings of Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, and Starr together were made as early as 15 October 1960, in a series of demonstration records privately recorded in Hamburg while acting as the backing group for singer Lu Walters.[41] Starr played on The Beatles' second EMI recording session on 4 September 1962, but Martin hired session drummer Andy White for their next session on 11 September.[42]Their recording contract paid them one penny for each single sold, which was split amongst the four Beatles — one farthing per group member.[43] This royalty rate was further reduced for singles sold outside the UK, on which they received half of one penny (again split between the whole band) per single. Martin said later that it was a "pretty awful" contract.[43] Their publishing contract with Dick James Music (DJM) was also standard for the time: songwriters received the statutory minimum of 50% of the gross monies received, with the publisher retaining the other 50%.[citation needed]The Beatles' first EMI session on 6 June did not yield any releasable recordings but the September sessions produced a minor UK hit, "Love Me Do", which peaked on the charts at number 17.[44] ("Love Me Do" reached the top of the U.S. singles chart over 18 months later in May 1964.) On 26 November they recorded their second single "Please Please Me", which reached no. 2 in the official UK charts and no. 1 in the NME chart. Three months later they recorded their first album (also titled Please Please Me). The band's first televised performance was on the People and Places programme transmitted live from Manchester by Granada Television on 17 October 1962.[45] As The Beatles' fame spread, the frenzied adulation of the group, predominantly from teenage female fans, was dubbed 'Beatlemania'. In November 1963 The Beatles appeared on the Royal Variety Performance and were photographed with Marlene Dietrich, who also appeared on the show.[citation needed]AmericaAlthough the band experienced huge popularity in the UK record charts from early 1963, EMI's American operation, Capitol Records, declined to issue the singles "Please Please Me" and "From Me to You (their first official no. 1 hit in the UK)".[46] Vee-Jay Records, a small Chicago label, issued the singles as part of a deal for the rights to another performer's masters. Art Roberts, music director of Chicago powerhouse radio station WLS, placed "Please Please Me" into radio rotation in late February 1963 making it the first time a Beatles record was heard on American radio. Vee-Jay's rights to The Beatles were later cancelled for non-payment of royalties.[47]In August 1963, Philadelphia-based Swan Records released "She Loves You", which also failed to receive airplay. A testing of the song on Dick Clark's TV show American Bandstand produced laughter from American teenagers when they saw the group's distinctive hairstyles. New York disc jockey Murray the K featured "She Loves You" on his '1010 WINS record revue' show in January.[48] In early November 1963, Brian Epstein persuaded Ed Sullivan to present The Beatles on three editions of his show in February, and parlayed this guaranteed exposure into a record deal with Capitol Records. Capitol committed to a mid-January release for "I Want to Hold Your Hand",[49] On 7 December 1963 a clip of The Beatles was shown on the CBS Evening News (the story originally had been scheduled to air on 22 November and was aired on the CBS Morning News but was pre-empted by the assassination of John F. Kennedy). The clip inspired a teenage girl in Washington, D.C. to request a Beatles song on a local radio station. The station secured an imported copy of "I Want to Hold Your Hand" — forcing Capitol Records to release the song ahead of schedule on 26 December.Several New York radio stations — first WMCA, then WINS (AM) and WABC — began playing "I Want to Hold Your Hand" on its release day. The Beatlemania that had started in Washington was duplicated in New York and quickly spread to other markets. The record sold one million copies in just ten days, and by 16 January, Cashbox magazine had certified the record number one (in the edition marked 23 January). On 3 January 1964 a film of The Beatles performing "She Loves You" was aired on the late-night Jack Paar Show.Beatlemania crosses the AtlanticOn 7 February 1964, a crowd of four thousand fans at Heathrow Airport waved to The Beatles as they took off for their first trip to America as a group.[51] They were accompanied by photographers, journalists (including Maureen Cleave) and Phil Spector, who had booked himself on the same flight.[52] The pilot had radioed ahead, and as they prepared to land said, "Tell the boys there's a big crowd waiting for them." Kennedy International Airport had never experienced such a crowd, estimated at about 3,000 screaming fans.[53] After a press conference (where they first met Murray the K) they were put into limousines and driven to New York. On the way McCartney turned on a radio and listened to a running commentary: "They [The Beatles] have just left the airport and are coming to New York City..."[54] After reaching the Plaza Hotel, they were besieged by fans and reporters. Harrison had a temperature of 102 the next day and was ordered to stay in bed, so Neil Aspinall replaced him for the first television rehearsal.[55]Their first live American television appearance was on the The Ed Sullivan Show on 9 February 1964. The next morning practically every newspaper wrote that The Beatles were nothing more than a "fad", and "could not carry a tune across the Atlantic".[56] Their first American concert appearance was at Washington Coliseum in Washington, D.C. on 11 February.[57]After The Beatles' huge success in 1964, Vee-Jay Records and Swan Records took advantage of their previously secured rights to The Beatles' early recordings and reissued the songs, all of which reached the top ten the second time around. (MGM and Atco also secured rights to The Beatles' early Tony Sheridan-era recordings and had minor hits with "My Bonnie" and "Ain't She Sweet", the latter featuring John Lennon on lead vocal.) In addition to Introducing... The Beatles, which was essentially The Beatles' debut British album with some minor alterations, Vee-Jay also issued an unusual LP called The Beatles Vs The Four Seasons. This 2-LP set paired Introducing... The Beatles and The Golden Hits Of The Four Seasons, another successful act that Vee-Jay had under contract, in a 'contest' (the back cover featured a 'score card'). Another unusual release was the Hear The Beatles Tell All album, which consisted of two lengthy interviews with Los Angeles radio disc jockeys (side one was titled "Dave Hull interviews John Lennon," while side two was titled "Jim Steck interviews John, Paul, George, Ringo"). No Beatles music was included on this interview album, which turned out to be the only Vee Jay Beatles album Capitol Records could not reclaim.The Vee-Jay/Swan-issued recordings eventually ended up with Capitol, who issued most of the Vee-Jay material on the American-only Capitol release The Early Beatles, with three songs left off this final US version of the album. ("I Saw Her Standing There" was issued as the American B-side of "I Want to Hold Your Hand," and also appeared on the Capitol Records album Meet The Beatles. "Misery" and "There's a Place" were issued as a Capitol "Starline" reissue single in 1964, and reappeared on the 1980 Rarities compilation album.) The early Vee-Jay and Swan Beatles records command a high price on the record collectors' market, and all have been copiously bootlegged.[58] The Swan tracks ("She Loves You" and "I'll Get You") were issued on the Capitol LP The Beatles' Second Album. (Swan also issued the German-language version of "She Loves You," called "Sie Liebt Dich." This song later appeared (in stereo) on Capitol's US version of the Rarities compilation album.)In mid-1964 the band undertook their first appearances outside of Europe and North America. They toured Australia and New Zealand without Ringo Starr, who was ill and temporarily replaced by session drummer Jimmy Nicol. In Adelaide they were greeted by over 300,000 people who turned out at Adelaide Town Hall.[59]In June 1965, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II appointed the four Beatles Members of the Order of the British Empire, MBE. The band members were nominated by Prime Minister Harold Wilson (who also was the M.P. for Huyton, Liverpool).[60] The appointment — at that time primarily bestowed upon military veterans and civic leaders — sparked some conservative MBE recipients to return their insignia in protest.[61] The first two were returned on 14 June, before The Beatles received theirs on 26 October 1965.[62] On 15 August that year, The Beatles performed the first stadium concert in the history of rock, playing at Shea Stadium in New York to a crowd of 55,600.[63] Their sixth album, Rubber Soul, was released in early December 1965. It was hailed as a major leap forward in the maturity and complexity of the band's music.[64]Backlash and controversyIn July 1966, when The Beatles toured the Philippines, they unintentionally snubbed the nation's first lady, Imelda Marcos, who had expected the group to attend a breakfast reception at the Presidential Palace.[65] When presented with the invitation, Brian Epstein politely declined on behalf of the group, as it had never been the group's policy to accept such "official" invitations.[66] The group soon found that the Marcos regime was unaccustomed to accepting "no" for an answer. After the 'snub' was broadcast on Philippine television and radio, all of The Beatles' police protection disappeared. The group and their entourage had to make their way to Manila airport on their own. At the airport, roadie Mal Evans was beaten and kicked, and the band members were pushed and jostled about by a hostile crowd.[67] Once the group boarded the plane, Epstein and Evans were ordered off, and Evans said, "Tell my wife that I love her."[68] Epstein was forced to give back all the money that the band had earned while they were there before being allowed back on the plane.[69]Almost as soon as they returned from the Philippines, an earlier comment by Lennon made in March that year launched a backlash against The Beatles from religious and social conservatives in the United States. In an interview with British reporter Maureen Cleave,[70] Lennon had offered his opinion that Christianity was dying and that The Beatles were "more popular than Jesus now."[71] Afterwards, a radio station in Birmingham, Alabama, ran a story on burning Beatles records, in what was considered to be a joke. However, many people affiliated with rural churches in the American South started taking the suggestion seriously. Towns across the United States and South Africa started to burn Beatles records in protest. Attempting to make light of the incident, McCartney said, "They've got to buy them before they can burn them." Under tremendous pressure from the American media, Lennon apologised for his remarks at a press conference in Chicago on August 11, the eve of the first performance of what turned out to be their final tour.[72]The group's two-year series of Capitol compilations also took a strange twist in the United States when one of their publicity shots, used for a Yesterday and Today album and a poster promoting the UK release of "Paperback Writer", created an uproar, as it featured the band draped in meat and plastic dolls. Thousands of these copies had to be withdrawn. Years later, the cover shot was linked with the group's interest in German expressionism.[72]Elvis Presley disapproved of The Beatles's anti-war activism and open use of drugs, later asking President Nixon to ban all four members of the group from entering the United States. Peter Guralnick writes, "The Beatles, Elvis said, [...] had been a focal point for anti-Americanism. They had come to this country, made their money, then gone back to England where they fomented anti-American feeling."[73] Guralnick adds, "Presley indicated that he is of the opinion that The Beatles laid the groundwork for many of the problems we are having with young people by their filthy unkempt appearances and suggestive music while entertaining in this country during the early and middle 1960s."[74] Despite Elvis' remarks, Lennon still had some positive feeling towards him: "Before Elvis, there was nothing."[75]The studio years The Beatles at their last concert, Candlestick Park.In April 1966, the group began recording what would be their most ambitious album to date, Revolver. During the recording sessions for the album, tape looping and early sampling were introduced in a complex mix of ballad, R&B, soul and world music.The Beatles performed their last concert before paying fans at Candlestick Park in San Francisco on 29 August 1966.[72] McCartney asked Tony Barrow to tape the event, but the 30-minute tape he used ran out halfway through the last song. The concert lasted a little under 35 minutes.[76]From then on, The Beatles concentrated on recording. Less than seven months after recording Revolver, The Beatles returned to Abbey Road Studios on 24 November 1966 to begin the 129-day recording sessions for their eighth album, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, released on 1 June 1967.On 25 June 1967, The Beatles became the first band globally transmitted on television—before an estimated 400 million people worldwide. The band appeared in a segment within the first-ever worldwide TV satellite hook-up, a show titled Our World. The Beatles were transmitted live from Abbey Road Studios, and their new song "All You Need Is Love" was recorded live during the show.The band's business affairs began to unravel after manager Brian Epstein died of an accidental prescription drug overdose on 27 August 1967 at the age of 32. At the end of 1967, they received their first major negative press in the UK with disparaging reviews of their surrealistic TV film Magical Mystery Tour.[77] Part of the criticism arose because colour was an integral part of the film, but in 1967 few viewers in the UK had colour televisions. The film's soundtrack, which features one of The Beatles' few instrumental tracks ("Flying"), was released in the United Kingdom as a double EP, and in the United States as a full LP (the LP is now the official version).The group spent the early part of 1968 in Rishikesh, Uttar Pradesh, India, studying transcendental meditation with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.[78] Upon their return, Lennon and McCartney went to New York to announce the formation of Apple Corps. The middle of 1968 saw the band busy recording the double album The Beatles, popularly known as The White Album because of its plain white cover. These sessions saw deep divisions opening within the band, with Starr temporarily walking out. The band carried on, with McCartney recording the drums on the songs "Martha My Dear", "Wild Honey Pie", "Dear Prudence" and "Back in the USSR". Among the other causes of dissension were that Lennon's new girlfriend, Yoko Ono, was at his side through almost all of the sessions, and that the others felt that McCartney was becoming too dominating.[79] Internal divisions within the band had been a small but growing problem during their early years; most notably, this was reflected in the difficulty that George Harrison experienced in getting his own songs onto Beatles albums.On the business side, McCartney wanted Lee Eastman, the father of his then-girlfriend Linda Eastman, to manage The Beatles, but the other members wanted New York manager Allen Klein. All past Beatles' decisions had been unanimous, but this time the four could not agree. Lennon, Harrison and Starr felt the Eastmans would put McCartney's interests before those of the group. In 1971 it was discovered that Klein, who had been appointed manager, had stolen £5 million from The Beatles' holdings. Years later, during the Anthology interviews, McCartney said of this time, "Looking back, I can understand why they would feel that he [Lee Eastman] was biased against them."Their final live performance was on the rooftop of the Apple building in Savile Row, London, on 30 January 1969, the next-to-last day of the difficult Get Back sessions. Most of the performance was filmed and later included in the film Let It Be. While the band was playing, the local police were called because of complaints about the noise. Although the group was simply asked to end their performance, the band members later remarked in the Anthology video that they were disappointed they were not arrested — pointing out that the police hauling the band members off in handcuffs would have been "an appropriate ending" for the film.The Beatles recorded their final album, Abbey Road, in the summer of 1969. The completion of the song "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" for the album on 20 August was the last time all four Beatles were together in the same studio.Their final new song was Harrison's "I Me Mine", recorded 3 January 1970 and released on the Let It Be album. It was recorded without Lennon, who was in Denmark when the song was recorded.[80]BreakupJohn Lennon announced his departure to the rest of the group on 20 September 1969 but agreed that no announcement was to be publicly made until a number of legal matters were resolved.In March 1970 the Get Back session tapes were given to American producer Phil Spector, who had produced Lennon's solo single "Instant Karma!". Spector's "Wall of Sound" production values went against the original intent of the record, which had been to record a stripped-down live performance. McCartney was deeply dissatisfied with Spector's treatment of "The Long and Winding Road", and unsuccessfully attempted to halt release of Spector's version of the song. McCartney publicly announced the break-up on 10 April 1970, a week before releasing his first solo album, McCartney. Pre-release copies included a press release with a self-written interview explaining the end of The Beatles and his hopes for the future.[81] On 8 May 1970, the Spector-produced version of Get Back was released as Let It Be, followed by the documentary film of the same name. The Beatles' partnership was finally dissolved in 1975.[82]1970--present: After The Beatles Ringo Starr, 1968 Shortly before and after the official dissolution of the group, all four Beatles released solo albums, including Lennon's John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band, McCartney's McCartney, Starr's Sentimental Journey, and Harrison's All Things Must Pass. Some of their albums featured contributions by other former Beatles; Starr's Ringo (1973) was the only one to include compositions and performances by all four, albeit on separate songs.Other than an unreleased jam session in 1974 (later bootlegged as A Toot and a Snore in '74), Lennon and McCartney never recorded together again.In the wake of the expiration in 1975 of The Beatles' contract with EMI-Capitol, the American Capitol label, rushing to cash in on its vast Beatles holdings and freed from the group's creative control, released five LPs: Rock 'n' Roll Music (a compilation of their more uptempo numbers), The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl (containing portions of two unreleased shows at the Hollywood Bowl), Love Songs (a compilation of their slower numbers), Rarities (a compilation of tracks that either had never been released in the U.S. or had gone out of print), and Reel Music (a compilation of songs from their films). There was also a non-Capitol-EMI release of a show from the group's early days at the Star Club in Hamburg captured on a poor-quality tape. Of all these post-breakup LPs, only the Hollywood Bowl LP had the approval of the group members. Upon the American release of the original British CDs in 1986, these post-breakup Capitol American compilation LPs were deleted from the Capitol catalogue.John Lennon was shot and killed by Mark David Chapman on 8 December 1980 in New York City. Shortly afterward, in 1981, the three surviving Beatles reunited to record "All Those Years Ago", released as a George Harrison solo single. Its original lyrics had been rewritten as a tribute to Lennon.The BBC has a large collection of Beatles recordings, mostly comprising original studio sessions from 1963 to 1968. Much of this material formed the basis for a 1988 radio documentary series The Beeb's Lost Beatles Tapes. In 1989, many outtakes from The Beatles sessions appeared on the radio series The Lost Lennon Tapes. Later, in 1994, the best of the BBC sessions were given an official EMI release on Live at the BBC.In 1988 The Beatles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a group (not as individual performers) during their first year of eligibility.[83] On the night of their induction, Harrison and Starr appeared to accept their award along with Lennon's widow Yoko Ono and his two sons. McCartney stayed away, issuing a press release citing "unresolved difficulties" with Harrison, Starr, and Lennon's estate. Solo Beatles later inducted were Lennon in 1994, McCartney in 1999 and Harrison in 2004. Collage of the various covers of the Anthology seriesIn February 1994, the three surviving Beatles reunited to produce and record additional music for a few of Lennon's home recordings. "Free as a Bird" premiered as part of The Beatles Anthology series of television documentaries and was released as a single in December 1995, with "Real Love" following in March 1996. These songs were also included in the three Anthology collections of CDs released in 1995 and 1996, each of which consisted of two CDs of never-before-released Beatles material. Klaus Voormann, who had known The Beatles since their Hamburg days and had previously illustrated the Revolver album cover, directed the Anthology cover concept. 450,000 copies of Anthology 1 were sold on its first day of release. In 2000, a compilation album named 1 was released, containing almost every number-one single released by the band from 1962 to 1970. The collection sold 3.6 million copies in its first week (selling 3 copies a second) and more than 12 million in three weeks worldwide. The collection also reached number one in the United States and 33 other countries and had sold 25 million copies by 2005 (about the ninth best selling album of all time).George Harrison during this time showed his socio-political consciousness and earned respect for his contribution for arranging the Concert For Bangladesh in New York in August 1971 along with sitar maestro Ravi Shankar. Harrison died of lung cancer on 29 November 2001.More recently, in 2006, George Martin and his son Giles Martin remixed original Beatles recordings to create a soundtrack to accompany Cirque du Soleil's theatrical production Love.Musical evolutionThe Beatles' constant demands to create new sounds on every new recording, combined with George Martin's arranging abilities and the studio expertise of EMI staff engineers such as Norman Smith, Ken Townshend and Geoff Emerick, all played significant parts in the innovative sounds of the albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966) and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967).The Beatles continued to absorb influences long after their initial success, often finding new musical and lyrical avenues by listening to their contemporaries. Among those influences were Bob Dylan, who influenced songs such as "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away" and "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)".[84] Other contemporary influences included the Byrds and the Beach Boys, whose album Pet Sounds was a favourite of McCartney's.[85]Along with studio tricks such as sound effects, unconventional microphone placements, tape loops, double tracking and vari-speed recording, The Beatles began to augment their recordings with instruments that were unconventional for rock music at the time. These included string and brass ensembles as well as Indian instruments such as the sitar as in Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown) and the swarmandel as in Strawberry Fields Forever. They also used early electronic instruments such as the Mellotron, with which McCartney supplied the flute voices on the intro to "Strawberry Fields Forever", and the ondioline, an electronic keyboard that created the unusual oboe-like sound on "Baby You're a Rich Man".Beginning with the use of a string quartet (arranged by George Martin with input from McCartney) on "Yesterday" in 1965, The Beatles pioneered a modern form of art song, exemplified by the double-quartet string arrangement on "Eleanor Rigby" (1966), "Here, There and Everywhere" (1966) and "She's Leaving Home" (1967). A televised performance of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 directly inspired McCartney's use of a piccolo trumpet on the arrangement of "Penny Lane". The Beatles moved towards psychedelia with "Rain" and "Tomorrow Never Knows" from 1966, and "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "I Am the Walrus" from 1967.Influence on popular cultureLifestyleThe Beatles' lifestyles were greatly altered by their success and the income they earned. The availability of the first oral contraceptive and illegal drugs changed many people's opinions — including The Beatles' — about life, marriage, and sexual relationships.[86]Recreational drug useIn Hamburg, The Beatles used "prellies" (Preludin) both recreationally and to maintain their energy through all-night performances.[87] McCartney would usually take one, but Lennon would often take four or five.[87] Bob Dylan introduced them to cannabis during a 1964 visit to New York.[88] McCartney remembered them all getting "very high" and giggling.[89] The Beatles occasionally smoked a spliff in the car on the way to the studio during the filming of Help!, which often made them forget their lines.[90]In April 1965, Lennon and Harrison were introduced to LSD by an acquaintance, dentist John Riley.[91] Lennon in particular became an avid "tripper", claiming in a 1970 interview in Rolling Stone to have taken LSD hundreds of times. McCartney was more reluctant to try the drug, but finally did so in 1966 and was the first Beatle to talk about it in the press.The Beatles added their names to an advertisement in The Times, on 24 July 1967, which asked for the legalisation of cannabis, the release of all prisoners imprisoned because of possession, and research into marijuana's medical uses. The advertisement was sponsored by a group called Soma, and was signed by 65 people, including Brian Epstein, Graham Greene, R.D. Laing, 15 doctors, and two MPs.[92] On a sailing trip to Greece, in 1967, the whole band sat around on the boat and took acid.[93]MeditationOn 24 August 1967, The Beatles met the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi at the London Hilton, and a few days later went to Bangor, in North Wales, to attend a weekend 'initiation' conference.[94] There, the Maharishi gave each of them a mantra.[95] Their time in early 1968 at the Maharishi's ashram in India was highly productive from a musical standpoint, as practically all of the songs that would later be recorded for The White Album and Abbey Road were composed there by Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison.[78]DiscographyFurther information: List of Beatles songs by singer, The Beatles record sales, worldwide charts, The Beatles bootlegs, and List of Beatles hit singles Official CD catalogueIn 1987, EMI released all 12 of The Beatles' studio albums — as originally released in the UK — on CD worldwide. (North American releases were on EMI's American subsidiary Capitol Records). It was a considered decision by Apple Corps to standardise The Beatles catalogue throughout the world. Because there were tracks that had been released in the UK on singles and EPs that had not been released on the original UK albums, in order for all their recordings to be available on CD it was necessary to create three further CDs that would contain the missing tracks.One CD was of a 1967 US compilation album that featured the 6-track 1967 UK EP Magical Mystery Tour and the various singles released in that year. The other two CDs were new compilations that gathered together all the other singles, EP tracks and recordings from 1962--1970 that had not been issued on the original British studio albums.Magical Mystery Tour - 8 August 1987[96] Past Masters, Volume One - 7 March 1988 Past Masters, Volume Two - 7 March 1988 According to EMI and the Guinness Book of Records, The Beatles have sold in excess of one billion units (1,010,000,000, including cassettes, records, CDs and bootlegs).Beginning in 2004, the US album configurations were released as a series of box sets from Capitol Records (The Capitol Albums, Volume 1 & Volume 2); these included both stereo and mono versions based on the mixes that were prepared for vinyl at the time of their original 1960s releases.Song catalogueIn 1963 Lennon and McCartney agreed to assign their song publishing rights to Northern Songs, a company created by music publisher Dick James. The company was administered by James' own company Dick James Music. Northern Songs went public in 1965, with Lennon and McCartney each holding 15% of the company's shares whilst Dick James and the company's chairman, Charles Silver, held a controlling 37.5%. In 1969, following a failed attempt by Lennon and McCartney to buy the company, James and Silver sold Northern Songs to British TV company Associated TeleVision (ATV), from which Lennon and McCartney received stock.In 1985, after a short period in which the parent company was owned by Australian business magnate Robert Holmes à Court, ATV Music was sold to Michael Jackson for a reported $47 million (trumping a joint bid by McCartney and Yoko Ono), including the publishing rights to over 200 songs composed by Lennon and McCartney.A decade later Jackson and Sony merged its music publishing businesses. Since 1995, Jackson and Sony/ATV Music Publishing have jointly owned most of the Lennon-McCartney songs recorded by The Beatles. Sony later reported that Jackson had used his share of their co-owned Beatles' catalogue as collateral for a loan from the music company. Meanwhile, Lennon's estate and McCartney still receive their respective songwriter shares of the royalties. (Despite his ownership of most of the Lennon-McCartney publishing, Jackson has only recorded one Lennon-McCartney composition himself, "Come Together" which was featured in his film Moonwalker.)Although the Jackson-Sony catalogue includes most of The Beatles' greatest hits, four of their earliest songs had been published by one of EMI's publishing companies prior to Lennon and McCartney signing with Dick James — and McCartney later succeeded in personally acquiring the publishing rights to "Love Me Do", "Please Please Me", "P.S. I Love You" and "Ask Me Why" from EMI.Harrison and Starr did not renew their songwriting contracts with Northern Songs in 1968, signing with Apple Publishing instead. Harrison later created Harrisongs, his own company which still owns the rights to his post-1967 songs such as "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" and "Something". Starr also created his own company, called Startling Music. It holds the rights to his two post-1967 songs recorded by The Beatles, "Don't Pass Me By" and "Octopus's Garden".The future of The Beatles catalogueThe Beatles are but a few of the major artists (aside from Led Zeppelin and Garth Brooks) who have not to date allowed their entire recorded catalogue to be available through major online music services (iTunes, Napster, etc.). This may be due to the massive royalty fees demanded by the group. As a result, The Beatles' music (both officially and unofficially released) has been made available through illegal music search engines such as eMule and BearShare, and have apparently raised the ire of the entire music industry.However, sure signs that official online distributions may be coming is the fact that the video for Tomorrow Never Knows/Within You Without You (the remix from their album Love) is currently being distributed (as of June, 2007) via Napster, and many Internet radio networks (such as Pandora Internet Radio and Live365.com) are allowing Beatles songs to be broadcasted over the world wide web. There has been talk of negotiations to make such an official online distribution schedule possible. Officials at Apple Corps have hinted at this, as they have confirmed that the entire Beatles catalog has been digitally remastered for online distribution.On filmMain article: The Beatles on filmThe Beatles appeared in several films, all of which featured associated soundtrack albums.The band played themselves in two films directed by Richard Lester, A Hard Day's Night (1964) and Help! (1965). The group produced and starred in the hour-long television movie Magical Mystery Tour (1967), while the documentary Let It Be (released 1970) followed the recording sessions for the Get Back project in early 1969. In addition, the psychedelic animated film Yellow Submarine (1968) followed the adventures of a cartoon version of the band; the members did not provide their own voices, appearing only in a brief live-action epilogue.Other projectsAnthologyMain article: The Beatles AnthologyLoveMain article: Love (Cirque du Soleil)InstrumentationRickenbacker, Gretsch, Epiphone, Gibson, Fender, and C.F. Martin & Company guitars Höfner, Fender and Rickenbacker basses Vox, Fender, and Selmer amplifiers Premier and Ludwig drums Zildjian cymbals Steinway, and Blüthner pianos Hammond, Vox and Lowrey electric organs Fender Rhodes, Wurlitzer, and Hohner Pianet electric pianos Moog Modular synthesiser Mellotron Polyphonic Keyboard Neumann, AKG, and STC microphonesBill StollStollco videotampa fl (less)

The BeatlesPaul McCartney, Ringo Starr, George Harrison, and John Lennon Origin Liverpool, England Rock/Pop - Years active 1960--1970 Parlophone, Capitol, Apple, Vee-Jay, Polydor, Swan, Tollie Related to Tony Sheridan, The Quarrymen, The Plastic Ono Band, The Dirty Mac, Wings, Traveling Wilburys, (more)

The BeatlesPaul McCartney, Ringo Starr, George Harrison, and John Lennon Origin Liverpool, England Rock/Pop - Years active 1960--1970 Parlophone, Capitol, Apple, Vee-Jay, Polydor, Swan, Tollie Related to Tony Sheridan, The Quarrymen, The Plastic Ono Band, The Dirty Mac, Wings, Traveling Wilburys, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, Ringo Starr All-Starr Band, Billy Preston Members - Ever to DateJohn LennonPaul McCartneyGeorge HarrisonRingo Starr Former members Stuart SutcliffePete Best The Beatles were an English rock band from Liverpool whose members were John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. They are the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed band in the history of popular music.The Beatles are the best-selling musical act of all time in the United States of America, according to the Recording Industry Association of America, which certified them as the highest selling band of all time based on American sales of singles and albums. In the United Kingdom, The Beatles released more than 40 different singles, albums, and EPs that reached number one. This commercial success was repeated in many other countries: their record company, EMI, estimated that by 1985 they had sold over one billion discs and tapes worldwide. In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked The Beatles #1 on their list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. According to that same magazine, their innovative music and cultural impact helped define the 1960s,[2] and their influence on pop culture can still be felt today.The Beatles led the mid-1960s musical "British Invasion" into the United States. Although their initial musical style was rooted in 1950s rock and roll and homegrown skiffle, the group explored genres ranging from Tin Pan Alley to psychedelic rock. Their clothes, styles, and statements made them trend-setters, while their growing social awareness saw their influence extend into the social and cultural revolutions of the 1960s.1957--1960: FormationThe QuarrymenIn March 1957, John Lennon formed a skiffle group called The Quarrymen whilst attending Quarry Bank Grammar School in Liverpool.[6] Lennon and the Quarrymen met guitarist Paul McCartney at the Woolton Garden Fête held at St. Peter's Church on 6 July 1957.[7] On 6 February 1958, the young guitarist George Harrison was invited to watch the group (who played under a variety of names) at Wilson Hall, Garston, Liverpool.[8] McCartney had become acquainted with Harrison on the morning school bus ride to the Liverpool Institute, as they both lived in Speke. At McCartney's insistence, Harrison joined the Quarrymen as lead guitarist[9] after a rehearsal in March 1958, overcoming Lennon's initial reluctance because of Harrison's young age.[10] Members continually joined and left the lineup during that period, and in January 1960 Lennon's art school friend Stuart Sutcliffe joined on bass.[11] Lennon and McCartney both played rhythm guitar and the group had a high turnover of drummers.The Quarrymen went through a progression of names — "Johnny and the Moondogs", "Long John and the Beatles", "the Silver Beetles" (derived from Larry Parnes' suggestion of "Long John and the Silver Beetles") — before settling on "The Beatles". There are many theories as to the origin of the name and its unusual spelling. It is usually credited to Lennon, who said that the name was a combination word-play on the insects "beetles" (as a reference to Buddy Holly's band, the Crickets) and the word "beat". Cynthia Lennon suggests that Lennon came up with the name Beatles at a "brainstorming session over a beer-soaked table in the Renshaw Hall bar."[12] Lennon, who was well known for giving multiple versions of the same story joked in a 1961 Mersey Beat magazine article that "It came in a vision — a man appeared on a flaming pie and said unto them, 'From this day on you are Beatles with an A'".[13] During an interview in 2001, Paul McCartney took credit for the peculiar spelling of the name, saying that "John had the idea of calling us the Beetles, I said, 'how about the Beatles; you know, like the beat of the drum?' At the time, everyone was stoned enough to find it hilarious. It's funny how history is made." [14]In May 1960 The Beatles toured northeast Scotland as a back-up band with singer Johnny Gentle.[15] They met Gentle an hour before their first gig, and McCartney referred to the tour as a great experience for the band.[16] For the tour the often drummerless group secured the services of Tommy Moore, who was considerably older than the others.[17] Soon after the tour, however, feeling the age gap was too great Moore left the band and went back to work in a bottling factory as a fork-lift truck driver.[18] Norman Chapman was the band's next drummer, but was called up for National Service in a few weeks. His departure posed a significant problem as the group's unofficial manager, Allan Williams, had arranged for them to perform in clubs on the Reeperbahn in Hamburg, Germany.[19]1960--1970: The BeatlesHamburgOn 15 August 1960, McCartney invited Pete Best to become the group's permanent drummer. He had watched Best play with the Blackjacks[20] in the Casbah Club, owned by Pete's mother, Mona Best. This was a cellar club in West Derby, Liverpool, where The Beatles had played and often visited.[21] In the documentary The Compleat Beatles, Williams said that Best "played not too cleverly, but passable."The Beatles started playing in Hamburg at the Indra and Kaiserkeller bars. They were required to play six or seven hours a night, seven nights a week. Shortly after they began performing at a new venue, the "Top Ten Club",[22] Harrison was deported for having lied to the German authorities about his age.[23] A week later, having started a small fire at their living quarters while vacating it for more luxurious rooms, McCartney and Best were arrested, charged with arson, and deported.[24] Lennon followed the others to Liverpool in mid-December.The reunited Beatles played their first engagement on 17 December 1960 at the Casbah Club and returned to Hamburg in April 1961. Whilst playing at the Top Ten Club they were recruited by singer Tony Sheridan to act as his backing band on a series of recordings for the German Polydor Records label,[25] produced by famed bandleader Bert Kaempfert.[19] Kaempfert signed the group to its own Polydor contract at the first session on 22 June 1961. On 31 October Polydor released the recording "My Bonnie (Mein Herz ist bei dir nur)", which appeared on the German charts under the name "Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers", a generic name used for whoever happened to be in Sheridan's backup band.[26] In addition to the legend that this record led to the group's eventual meeting with Brian Epstein, it also resulted in their first mention in the American press. Around the beginning of 1962, Cashbox mentioned "My Bonnie" as the debut of a "new rock and roll team, Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers". A few copies were also pressed under the Decca label for U.S. disc jockeys, as American Decca had a distribution deal with Polydor parent Deutsche Grammophon.[27] (This was ironic, considering that by this time the then-unaffiliated British Decca had turned down the group's attempt to gain a recording contract.) When the group returned to Liverpool, Sutcliffe stayed on in Hamburg with his new German fiancee Astrid Kirchherr, [28] and McCartney took over bass duties.[29]Their third stay in Hamburg was from 13 April to 31 May 1962, when they opened The Star Club.[19] Upon their arrival they were informed of Sutcliffe's death from a brain haemorrhage.[30]Epstein took over as the group's manager in January 1962 and led The Beatles' quest for a British recording contract. Epstein had been manager of the record department at North End Music Store (NEMS), an offshoot of his family's furniture store. He played on the status of NEMS as a major record dealer to gain access to producers and recording company executives. In a now-famous exchange, Decca Records A&R executive Dick Rowe turned Epstein down flat, informing him that "Guitar groups are on the way out, Mr. Epstein."[31] While Epstein was negotiating with Decca, he also approached EMI marketing executive Ron White.[32] White (who was not himself a record producer) in turn contacted EMI producers Norrie Paramor, Walter Ridley, and Norman Newell, all of whom declined to record The Beatles.[33] White did not approach EMI's fourth staff producer — George Martin — who was on holiday at the time.[34]Record contractAfter failing to impress Decca Records, Epstein went to the HMV store on Oxford Street in London to transfer the Decca tapes to discs. There, recording engineer Jim Foy referred him to Sid Coleman, who ran EMI's publishing arm. When Coleman heard the demo tapes he suggested taking the tapes to George Martin, who, Coleman explained, "does comedy records" and headed the Parlophone label at EMI. Epstein eventually met with Martin, who signed the group to EMI on a one-year renewable contract and scheduled their first recording session on 6 June at EMI's Abbey Road studios in north London.[35] Martin had not been particularly impressed by the band's demo recordings,[36] but he instantly liked them as people when he met them. He concluded that they had raw musical talent, but said (in later interviews) that what made the difference for him was their wit and humour.[37]Martin did have a problem with Pete Best, [36] whom he criticised for not being able to keep time. He privately suggested to Epstein that the band use another drummer in the studio. Best was good-looking and popular with the group's fans, but the three founding members had become increasingly unhappy with his drumming and his personality.[citation needed] There was speculation by some that Best's popularity[38] with fans was another source of friction. In addition, Epstein had become exasperated with his refusal to adopt the distinctive hairstyle as part of their unified look. Best also had missed a number of engagements because of illness. The three founding members enlisted Epstein to dismiss Best - which he did on 16 August 1962.[39] They asked Ringo Starr (born Richard Starkey), the drummer for one of the top Merseybeat groups, Rory Storm and the Hurricanes, to join the band, as Starr had performed occasionally with The Beatles in Hamburg.[40] The first recordings of Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, and Starr together were made as early as 15 October 1960, in a series of demonstration records privately recorded in Hamburg while acting as the backing group for singer Lu Walters.[41] Starr played on The Beatles' second EMI recording session on 4 September 1962, but Martin hired session drummer Andy White for their next session on 11 September.[42]Their recording contract paid them one penny for each single sold, which was split amongst the four Beatles — one farthing per group member.[43] This royalty rate was further reduced for singles sold outside the UK, on which they received half of one penny (again split between the whole band) per single. Martin said later that it was a "pretty awful" contract.[43] Their publishing contract with Dick James Music (DJM) was also standard for the time: songwriters received the statutory minimum of 50% of the gross monies received, with the publisher retaining the other 50%.[citation needed]The Beatles' first EMI session on 6 June did not yield any releasable recordings but the September sessions produced a minor UK hit, "Love Me Do", which peaked on the charts at number 17.[44] ("Love Me Do" reached the top of the U.S. singles chart over 18 months later in May 1964.) On 26 November they recorded their second single "Please Please Me", which reached no. 2 in the official UK charts and no. 1 in the NME chart. Three months later they recorded their first album (also titled Please Please Me). The band's first televised performance was on the People and Places programme transmitted live from Manchester by Granada Television on 17 October 1962.[45] As The Beatles' fame spread, the frenzied adulation of the group, predominantly from teenage female fans, was dubbed 'Beatlemania'. In November 1963 The Beatles appeared on the Royal Variety Performance and were photographed with Marlene Dietrich, who also appeared on the show.[citation needed]AmericaAlthough the band experienced huge popularity in the UK record charts from early 1963, EMI's American operation, Capitol Records, declined to issue the singles "Please Please Me" and "From Me to You (their first official no. 1 hit in the UK)".[46] Vee-Jay Records, a small Chicago label, issued the singles as part of a deal for the rights to another performer's masters. Art Roberts, music director of Chicago powerhouse radio station WLS, placed "Please Please Me" into radio rotation in late February 1963 making it the first time a Beatles record was heard on American radio. Vee-Jay's rights to The Beatles were later cancelled for non-payment of royalties.[47]In August 1963, Philadelphia-based Swan Records released "She Loves You", which also failed to receive airplay. A testing of the song on Dick Clark's TV show American Bandstand produced laughter from American teenagers when they saw the group's distinctive hairstyles. New York disc jockey Murray the K featured "She Loves You" on his '1010 WINS record revue' show in January.[48] In early November 1963, Brian Epstein persuaded Ed Sullivan to present The Beatles on three editions of his show in February, and parlayed this guaranteed exposure into a record deal with Capitol Records. Capitol committed to a mid-January release for "I Want to Hold Your Hand",[49] On 7 December 1963 a clip of The Beatles was shown on the CBS Evening News (the story originally had been scheduled to air on 22 November and was aired on the CBS Morning News but was pre-empted by the assassination of John F. Kennedy). The clip inspired a teenage girl in Washington, D.C. to request a Beatles song on a local radio station. The station secured an imported copy of "I Want to Hold Your Hand" — forcing Capitol Records to release the song ahead of schedule on 26 December.Several New York radio stations — first WMCA, then WINS (AM) and WABC — began playing "I Want to Hold Your Hand" on its release day. The Beatlemania that had started in Washington was duplicated in New York and quickly spread to other markets. The record sold one million copies in just ten days, and by 16 January, Cashbox magazine had certified the record number one (in the edition marked 23 January). On 3 January 1964 a film of The Beatles performing "She Loves You" was aired on the late-night Jack Paar Show.Beatlemania crosses the AtlanticOn 7 February 1964, a crowd of four thousand fans at Heathrow Airport waved to The Beatles as they took off for their first trip to America as a group.[51] They were accompanied by photographers, journalists (including Maureen Cleave) and Phil Spector, who had booked himself on the same flight.[52] The pilot had radioed ahead, and as they prepared to land said, "Tell the boys there's a big crowd waiting for them." Kennedy International Airport had never experienced such a crowd, estimated at about 3,000 screaming fans.[53] After a press conference (where they first met Murray the K) they were put into limousines and driven to New York. On the way McCartney turned on a radio and listened to a running commentary: "They [The Beatles] have just left the airport and are coming to New York City..."[54] After reaching the Plaza Hotel, they were besieged by fans and reporters. Harrison had a temperature of 102 the next day and was ordered to stay in bed, so Neil Aspinall replaced him for the first television rehearsal.[55]Their first live American television appearance was on the The Ed Sullivan Show on 9 February 1964. The next morning practically every newspaper wrote that The Beatles were nothing more than a "fad", and "could not carry a tune across the Atlantic".[56] Their first American concert appearance was at Washington Coliseum in Washington, D.C. on 11 February.[57]After The Beatles' huge success in 1964, Vee-Jay Records and Swan Records took advantage of their previously secured rights to The Beatles' early recordings and reissued the songs, all of which reached the top ten the second time around. (MGM and Atco also secured rights to The Beatles' early Tony Sheridan-era recordings and had minor hits with "My Bonnie" and "Ain't She Sweet", the latter featuring John Lennon on lead vocal.) In addition to Introducing... The Beatles, which was essentially The Beatles' debut British album with some minor alterations, Vee-Jay also issued an unusual LP called The Beatles Vs The Four Seasons. This 2-LP set paired Introducing... The Beatles and The Golden Hits Of The Four Seasons, another successful act that Vee-Jay had under contract, in a 'contest' (the back cover featured a 'score card'). Another unusual release was the Hear The Beatles Tell All album, which consisted of two lengthy interviews with Los Angeles radio disc jockeys (side one was titled "Dave Hull interviews John Lennon," while side two was titled "Jim Steck interviews John, Paul, George, Ringo"). No Beatles music was included on this interview album, which turned out to be the only Vee Jay Beatles album Capitol Records could not reclaim.The Vee-Jay/Swan-issued recordings eventually ended up with Capitol, who issued most of the Vee-Jay material on the American-only Capitol release The Early Beatles, with three songs left off this final US version of the album. ("I Saw Her Standing There" was issued as the American B-side of "I Want to Hold Your Hand," and also appeared on the Capitol Records album Meet The Beatles. "Misery" and "There's a Place" were issued as a Capitol "Starline" reissue single in 1964, and reappeared on the 1980 Rarities compilation album.) The early Vee-Jay and Swan Beatles records command a high price on the record collectors' market, and all have been copiously bootlegged.[58] The Swan tracks ("She Loves You" and "I'll Get You") were issued on the Capitol LP The Beatles' Second Album. (Swan also issued the German-language version of "She Loves You," called "Sie Liebt Dich." This song later appeared (in stereo) on Capitol's US version of the Rarities compilation album.)In mid-1964 the band undertook their first appearances outside of Europe and North America. They toured Australia and New Zealand without Ringo Starr, who was ill and temporarily replaced by session drummer Jimmy Nicol. In Adelaide they were greeted by over 300,000 people who turned out at Adelaide Town Hall.[59]In June 1965, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II appointed the four Beatles Members of the Order of the British Empire, MBE. The band members were nominated by Prime Minister Harold Wilson (who also was the M.P. for Huyton, Liverpool).[60] The appointment — at that time primarily bestowed upon military veterans and civic leaders — sparked some conservative MBE recipients to return their insignia in protest.[61] The first two were returned on 14 June, before The Beatles received theirs on 26 October 1965.[62] On 15 August that year, The Beatles performed the first stadium concert in the history of rock, playing at Shea Stadium in New York to a crowd of 55,600.[63] Their sixth album, Rubber Soul, was released in early December 1965. It was hailed as a major leap forward in the maturity and complexity of the band's music.[64]Backlash and controversyIn July 1966, when The Beatles toured the Philippines, they unintentionally snubbed the nation's first lady, Imelda Marcos, who had expected the group to attend a breakfast reception at the Presidential Palace.[65] When presented with the invitation, Brian Epstein politely declined on behalf of the group, as it had never been the group's policy to accept such "official" invitations.[66] The group soon found that the Marcos regime was unaccustomed to accepting "no" for an answer. After the 'snub' was broadcast on Philippine television and radio, all of The Beatles' police protection disappeared. The group and their entourage had to make their way to Manila airport on their own. At the airport, roadie Mal Evans was beaten and kicked, and the band members were pushed and jostled about by a hostile crowd.[67] Once the group boarded the plane, Epstein and Evans were ordered off, and Evans said, "Tell my wife that I love her."[68] Epstein was forced to give back all the money that the band had earned while they were there before being allowed back on the plane.[69]Almost as soon as they returned from the Philippines, an earlier comment by Lennon made in March that year launched a backlash against The Beatles from religious and social conservatives in the United States. In an interview with British reporter Maureen Cleave,[70] Lennon had offered his opinion that Christianity was dying and that The Beatles were "more popular than Jesus now."[71] Afterwards, a radio station in Birmingham, Alabama, ran a story on burning Beatles records, in what was considered to be a joke. However, many people affiliated with rural churches in the American South started taking the suggestion seriously. Towns across the United States and South Africa started to burn Beatles records in protest. Attempting to make light of the incident, McCartney said, "They've got to buy them before they can burn them." Under tremendous pressure from the American media, Lennon apologised for his remarks at a press conference in Chicago on August 11, the eve of the first performance of what turned out to be their final tour.[72]The group's two-year series of Capitol compilations also took a strange twist in the United States when one of their publicity shots, used for a Yesterday and Today album and a poster promoting the UK release of "Paperback Writer", created an uproar, as it featured the band draped in meat and plastic dolls. Thousands of these copies had to be withdrawn. Years later, the cover shot was linked with the group's interest in German expressionism.[72]Elvis Presley disapproved of The Beatles's anti-war activism and open use of drugs, later asking President Nixon to ban all four members of the group from entering the United States. Peter Guralnick writes, "The Beatles, Elvis said, [...] had been a focal point for anti-Americanism. They had come to this country, made their money, then gone back to England where they fomented anti-American feeling."[73] Guralnick adds, "Presley indicated that he is of the opinion that The Beatles laid the groundwork for many of the problems we are having with young people by their filthy unkempt appearances and suggestive music while entertaining in this country during the early and middle 1960s."[74] Despite Elvis' remarks, Lennon still had some positive feeling towards him: "Before Elvis, there was nothing."[75]The studio years The Beatles at their last concert, Candlestick Park.In April 1966, the group began recording what would be their most ambitious album to date, Revolver. During the recording sessions for the album, tape looping and early sampling were introduced in a complex mix of ballad, R&B, soul and world music.The Beatles performed their last concert before paying fans at Candlestick Park in San Francisco on 29 August 1966.[72] McCartney asked Tony Barrow to tape the event, but the 30-minute tape he used ran out halfway through the last song. The concert lasted a little under 35 minutes.[76]From then on, The Beatles concentrated on recording. Less than seven months after recording Revolver, The Beatles returned to Abbey Road Studios on 24 November 1966 to begin the 129-day recording sessions for their eighth album, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, released on 1 June 1967.On 25 June 1967, The Beatles became the first band globally transmitted on television—before an estimated 400 million people worldwide. The band appeared in a segment within the first-ever worldwide TV satellite hook-up, a show titled Our World. The Beatles were transmitted live from Abbey Road Studios, and their new song "All You Need Is Love" was recorded live during the show.The band's business affairs began to unravel after manager Brian Epstein died of an accidental prescription drug overdose on 27 August 1967 at the age of 32. At the end of 1967, they received their first major negative press in the UK with disparaging reviews of their surrealistic TV film Magical Mystery Tour.[77] Part of the criticism arose because colour was an integral part of the film, but in 1967 few viewers in the UK had colour televisions. The film's soundtrack, which features one of The Beatles' few instrumental tracks ("Flying"), was released in the United Kingdom as a double EP, and in the United States as a full LP (the LP is now the official version).The group spent the early part of 1968 in Rishikesh, Uttar Pradesh, India, studying transcendental meditation with the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.[78] Upon their return, Lennon and McCartney went to New York to announce the formation of Apple Corps. The middle of 1968 saw the band busy recording the double album The Beatles, popularly known as The White Album because of its plain white cover. These sessions saw deep divisions opening within the band, with Starr temporarily walking out. The band carried on, with McCartney recording the drums on the songs "Martha My Dear", "Wild Honey Pie", "Dear Prudence" and "Back in the USSR". Among the other causes of dissension were that Lennon's new girlfriend, Yoko Ono, was at his side through almost all of the sessions, and that the others felt that McCartney was becoming too dominating.[79] Internal divisions within the band had been a small but growing problem during their early years; most notably, this was reflected in the difficulty that George Harrison experienced in getting his own songs onto Beatles albums.On the business side, McCartney wanted Lee Eastman, the father of his then-girlfriend Linda Eastman, to manage The Beatles, but the other members wanted New York manager Allen Klein. All past Beatles' decisions had been unanimous, but this time the four could not agree. Lennon, Harrison and Starr felt the Eastmans would put McCartney's interests before those of the group. In 1971 it was discovered that Klein, who had been appointed manager, had stolen £5 million from The Beatles' holdings. Years later, during the Anthology interviews, McCartney said of this time, "Looking back, I can understand why they would feel that he [Lee Eastman] was biased against them."Their final live performance was on the rooftop of the Apple building in Savile Row, London, on 30 January 1969, the next-to-last day of the difficult Get Back sessions. Most of the performance was filmed and later included in the film Let It Be. While the band was playing, the local police were called because of complaints about the noise. Although the group was simply asked to end their performance, the band members later remarked in the Anthology video that they were disappointed they were not arrested — pointing out that the police hauling the band members off in handcuffs would have been "an appropriate ending" for the film.The Beatles recorded their final album, Abbey Road, in the summer of 1969. The completion of the song "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" for the album on 20 August was the last time all four Beatles were together in the same studio.Their final new song was Harrison's "I Me Mine", recorded 3 January 1970 and released on the Let It Be album. It was recorded without Lennon, who was in Denmark when the song was recorded.[80]BreakupJohn Lennon announced his departure to the rest of the group on 20 September 1969 but agreed that no announcement was to be publicly made until a number of legal matters were resolved.In March 1970 the Get Back session tapes were given to American producer Phil Spector, who had produced Lennon's solo single "Instant Karma!". Spector's "Wall of Sound" production values went against the original intent of the record, which had been to record a stripped-down live performance. McCartney was deeply dissatisfied with Spector's treatment of "The Long and Winding Road", and unsuccessfully attempted to halt release of Spector's version of the song. McCartney publicly announced the break-up on 10 April 1970, a week before releasing his first solo album, McCartney. Pre-release copies included a press release with a self-written interview explaining the end of The Beatles and his hopes for the future.[81] On 8 May 1970, the Spector-produced version of Get Back was released as Let It Be, followed by the documentary film of the same name. The Beatles' partnership was finally dissolved in 1975.[82]1970--present: After The Beatles Ringo Starr, 1968 Shortly before and after the official dissolution of the group, all four Beatles released solo albums, including Lennon's John Lennon/Plastic Ono Band, McCartney's McCartney, Starr's Sentimental Journey, and Harrison's All Things Must Pass. Some of their albums featured contributions by other former Beatles; Starr's Ringo (1973) was the only one to include compositions and performances by all four, albeit on separate songs.Other than an unreleased jam session in 1974 (later bootlegged as A Toot and a Snore in '74), Lennon and McCartney never recorded together again.In the wake of the expiration in 1975 of The Beatles' contract with EMI-Capitol, the American Capitol label, rushing to cash in on its vast Beatles holdings and freed from the group's creative control, released five LPs: Rock 'n' Roll Music (a compilation of their more uptempo numbers), The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl (containing portions of two unreleased shows at the Hollywood Bowl), Love Songs (a compilation of their slower numbers), Rarities (a compilation of tracks that either had never been released in the U.S. or had gone out of print), and Reel Music (a compilation of songs from their films). There was also a non-Capitol-EMI release of a show from the group's early days at the Star Club in Hamburg captured on a poor-quality tape. Of all these post-breakup LPs, only the Hollywood Bowl LP had the approval of the group members. Upon the American release of the original British CDs in 1986, these post-breakup Capitol American compilation LPs were deleted from the Capitol catalogue.John Lennon was shot and killed by Mark David Chapman on 8 December 1980 in New York City. Shortly afterward, in 1981, the three surviving Beatles reunited to record "All Those Years Ago", released as a George Harrison solo single. Its original lyrics had been rewritten as a tribute to Lennon.The BBC has a large collection of Beatles recordings, mostly comprising original studio sessions from 1963 to 1968. Much of this material formed the basis for a 1988 radio documentary series The Beeb's Lost Beatles Tapes. In 1989, many outtakes from The Beatles sessions appeared on the radio series The Lost Lennon Tapes. Later, in 1994, the best of the BBC sessions were given an official EMI release on Live at the BBC.In 1988 The Beatles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a group (not as individual performers) during their first year of eligibility.[83] On the night of their induction, Harrison and Starr appeared to accept their award along with Lennon's widow Yoko Ono and his two sons. McCartney stayed away, issuing a press release citing "unresolved difficulties" with Harrison, Starr, and Lennon's estate. Solo Beatles later inducted were Lennon in 1994, McCartney in 1999 and Harrison in 2004. Collage of the various covers of the Anthology seriesIn February 1994, the three surviving Beatles reunited to produce and record additional music for a few of Lennon's home recordings. "Free as a Bird" premiered as part of The Beatles Anthology series of television documentaries and was released as a single in December 1995, with "Real Love" following in March 1996. These songs were also included in the three Anthology collections of CDs released in 1995 and 1996, each of which consisted of two CDs of never-before-released Beatles material. Klaus Voormann, who had known The Beatles since their Hamburg days and had previously illustrated the Revolver album cover, directed the Anthology cover concept. 450,000 copies of Anthology 1 were sold on its first day of release. In 2000, a compilation album named 1 was released, containing almost every number-one single released by the band from 1962 to 1970. The collection sold 3.6 million copies in its first week (selling 3 copies a second) and more than 12 million in three weeks worldwide. The collection also reached number one in the United States and 33 other countries and had sold 25 million copies by 2005 (about the ninth best selling album of all time).George Harrison during this time showed his socio-political consciousness and earned respect for his contribution for arranging the Concert For Bangladesh in New York in August 1971 along with sitar maestro Ravi Shankar. Harrison died of lung cancer on 29 November 2001.More recently, in 2006, George Martin and his son Giles Martin remixed original Beatles recordings to create a soundtrack to accompany Cirque du Soleil's theatrical production Love.Musical evolutionThe Beatles' constant demands to create new sounds on every new recording, combined with George Martin's arranging abilities and the studio expertise of EMI staff engineers such as Norman Smith, Ken Townshend and Geoff Emerick, all played significant parts in the innovative sounds of the albums Rubber Soul (1965), Revolver (1966) and Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967).The Beatles continued to absorb influences long after their initial success, often finding new musical and lyrical avenues by listening to their contemporaries. Among those influences were Bob Dylan, who influenced songs such as "You've Got to Hide Your Love Away" and "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)".[84] Other contemporary influences included the Byrds and the Beach Boys, whose album Pet Sounds was a favourite of McCartney's.[85]Along with studio tricks such as sound effects, unconventional microphone placements, tape loops, double tracking and vari-speed recording, The Beatles began to augment their recordings with instruments that were unconventional for rock music at the time. These included string and brass ensembles as well as Indian instruments such as the sitar as in Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown) and the swarmandel as in Strawberry Fields Forever. They also used early electronic instruments such as the Mellotron, with which McCartney supplied the flute voices on the intro to "Strawberry Fields Forever", and the ondioline, an electronic keyboard that created the unusual oboe-like sound on "Baby You're a Rich Man".Beginning with the use of a string quartet (arranged by George Martin with input from McCartney) on "Yesterday" in 1965, The Beatles pioneered a modern form of art song, exemplified by the double-quartet string arrangement on "Eleanor Rigby" (1966), "Here, There and Everywhere" (1966) and "She's Leaving Home" (1967). A televised performance of Bach's Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 directly inspired McCartney's use of a piccolo trumpet on the arrangement of "Penny Lane". The Beatles moved towards psychedelia with "Rain" and "Tomorrow Never Knows" from 1966, and "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", "Strawberry Fields Forever" and "I Am the Walrus" from 1967.Influence on popular cultureLifestyleThe Beatles' lifestyles were greatly altered by their success and the income they earned. The availability of the first oral contraceptive and illegal drugs changed many people's opinions — including The Beatles' — about life, marriage, and sexual relationships.[86]Recreational drug useIn Hamburg, The Beatles used "prellies" (Preludin) both recreationally and to maintain their energy through all-night performances.[87] McCartney would usually take one, but Lennon would often take four or five.[87] Bob Dylan introduced them to cannabis during a 1964 visit to New York.[88] McCartney remembered them all getting "very high" and giggling.[89] The Beatles occasionally smoked a spliff in the car on the way to the studio during the filming of Help!, which often made them forget their lines.[90]In April 1965, Lennon and Harrison were introduced to LSD by an acquaintance, dentist John Riley.[91] Lennon in particular became an avid "tripper", claiming in a 1970 interview in Rolling Stone to have taken LSD hundreds of times. McCartney was more reluctant to try the drug, but finally did so in 1966 and was the first Beatle to talk about it in the press.The Beatles added their names to an advertisement in The Times, on 24 July 1967, which asked for the legalisation of cannabis, the release of all prisoners imprisoned because of possession, and research into marijuana's medical uses. The advertisement was sponsored by a group called Soma, and was signed by 65 people, including Brian Epstein, Graham Greene, R.D. Laing, 15 doctors, and two MPs.[92] On a sailing trip to Greece, in 1967, the whole band sat around on the boat and took acid.[93]MeditationOn 24 August 1967, The Beatles met the Maharishi Mahesh Yogi at the London Hilton, and a few days later went to Bangor, in North Wales, to attend a weekend 'initiation' conference.[94] There, the Maharishi gave each of them a mantra.[95] Their time in early 1968 at the Maharishi's ashram in India was highly productive from a musical standpoint, as practically all of the songs that would later be recorded for The White Album and Abbey Road were composed there by Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison.[78]DiscographyFurther information: List of Beatles songs by singer, The Beatles record sales, worldwide charts, The Beatles bootlegs, and List of Beatles hit singles Official CD catalogueIn 1987, EMI released all 12 of The Beatles' studio albums — as originally released in the UK — on CD worldwide. (North American releases were on EMI's American subsidiary Capitol Records). It was a considered decision by Apple Corps to standardise The Beatles catalogue throughout the world. Because there were tracks that had been released in the UK on singles and EPs that had not been released on the original UK albums, in order for all their recordings to be available on CD it was necessary to create three further CDs that would contain the missing tracks.One CD was of a 1967 US compilation album that featured the 6-track 1967 UK EP Magical Mystery Tour and the various singles released in that year. The other two CDs were new compilations that gathered together all the other singles, EP tracks and recordings from 1962--1970 that had not been issued on the original British studio albums.Magical Mystery Tour - 8 August 1987[96] Past Masters, Volume One - 7 March 1988 Past Masters, Volume Two - 7 March 1988 According to EMI and the Guinness Book of Records, The Beatles have sold in excess of one billion units (1,010,000,000, including cassettes, records, CDs and bootlegs).Beginning in 2004, the US album configurations were released as a series of box sets from Capitol Records (The Capitol Albums, Volume 1 & Volume 2); these included both stereo and mono versions based on the mixes that were prepared for vinyl at the time of their original 1960s releases.Song catalogueIn 1963 Lennon and McCartney agreed to assign their song publishing rights to Northern Songs, a company created by music publisher Dick James. The company was administered by James' own company Dick James Music. Northern Songs went public in 1965, with Lennon and McCartney each holding 15% of the company's shares whilst Dick James and the company's chairman, Charles Silver, held a controlling 37.5%. In 1969, following a failed attempt by Lennon and McCartney to buy the company, James and Silver sold Northern Songs to British TV company Associated TeleVision (ATV), from which Lennon and McCartney received stock.In 1985, after a short period in which the parent company was owned by Australian business magnate Robert Holmes à Court, ATV Music was sold to Michael Jackson for a reported $47 million (trumping a joint bid by McCartney and Yoko Ono), including the publishing rights to over 200 songs composed by Lennon and McCartney.A decade later Jackson and Sony merged its music publishing businesses. Since 1995, Jackson and Sony/ATV Music Publishing have jointly owned most of the Lennon-McCartney songs recorded by The Beatles. Sony later reported that Jackson had used his share of their co-owned Beatles' catalogue as collateral for a loan from the music company. Meanwhile, Lennon's estate and McCartney still receive their respective songwriter shares of the royalties. (Despite his ownership of most of the Lennon-McCartney publishing, Jackson has only recorded one Lennon-McCartney composition himself, "Come Together" which was featured in his film Moonwalker.)Although the Jackson-Sony catalogue includes most of The Beatles' greatest hits, four of their earliest songs had been published by one of EMI's publishing companies prior to Lennon and McCartney signing with Dick James — and McCartney later succeeded in personally acquiring the publishing rights to "Love Me Do", "Please Please Me", "P.S. I Love You" and "Ask Me Why" from EMI.Harrison and Starr did not renew their songwriting contracts with Northern Songs in 1968, signing with Apple Publishing instead. Harrison later created Harrisongs, his own company which still owns the rights to his post-1967 songs such as "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" and "Something". Starr also created his own company, called Startling Music. It holds the rights to his two post-1967 songs recorded by The Beatles, "Don't Pass Me By" and "Octopus's Garden".The future of The Beatles catalogueThe Beatles are but a few of the major artists (aside from Led Zeppelin and Garth Brooks) who have not to date allowed their entire recorded catalogue to be available through major online music services (iTunes, Napster, etc.). This may be due to the massive royalty fees demanded by the group. As a result, The Beatles' music (both officially and unofficially released) has been made available through illegal music search engines such as eMule and BearShare, and have apparently raised the ire of the entire music industry.However, sure signs that official online distributions may be coming is the fact that the video for Tomorrow Never Knows/Within You Without You (the remix from their album Love) is currently being distributed (as of June, 2007) via Napster, and many Internet radio networks (such as Pandora Internet Radio and Live365.com) are allowing Beatles songs to be broadcasted over the world wide web. There has been talk of negotiations to make such an official online distribution schedule possible. Officials at Apple Corps have hinted at this, as they have confirmed that the entire Beatles catalog has been digitally remastered for online distribution.On filmMain article: The Beatles on filmThe Beatles appeared in several films, all of which featured associated soundtrack albums.The band played themselves in two films directed by Richard Lester, A Hard Day's Night (1964) and Help! (1965). The group produced and starred in the hour-long television movie Magical Mystery Tour (1967), while the documentary Let It Be (released 1970) followed the recording sessions for the Get Back project in early 1969. In addition, the psychedelic animated film Yellow Submarine (1968) followed the adventures of a cartoon version of the band; the members did not provide their own voices, appearing only in a brief live-action epilogue.Other projectsAnthologyMain article: The Beatles AnthologyLoveMain article: Love (Cirque du Soleil)InstrumentationRickenbacker, Gretsch, Epiphone, Gibson, Fender, and C.F. Martin & Company guitars Höfner, Fender and Rickenbacker basses Vox, Fender, and Selmer amplifiers Premier and Ludwig drums Zildjian cymbals Steinway, and Blüthner pianos Hammond, Vox and Lowrey electric organs Fender Rhodes, Wurlitzer, and Hohner Pianet electric pianos Moog Modular synthesiser Mellotron Polyphonic Keyboard Neumann, AKG, and STC microphonesBill StollStollco videotampa fl (less)

When Saddam Hussein talked of 'the devil Bush' he may not have been so far from the truth. U.S. president George W. Bush, his father and grandfather are proven initiates of this multi-generational occult lodge. George W. was tapped (initiated) in 1968 at the group's Yale University HQ, a mausoleum (more)

When Saddam Hussein talked of 'the devil Bush' he may not have been so far from the truth. U.S. president George W. Bush, his father and grandfather are proven initiates of this multi-generational occult lodge. George W. was tapped (initiated) in 1968 at the group's Yale University HQ, a mausoleum known as 'the tomb'. When undergraduates broke in they found that the 'holy of holies' inner sanctum has red velvet walls and carpet, with a large pentagram emblazoned on the wall.Adolf Hitler was obsessed with the occult, in his case the Thule Society, closely inter-connected with German Theosophists. The jolly roger, skull and cross bones, "der Totenkopf" was an emblem worn by Hitler's SS soldiers and was emblazoned on SS armoured cars and tanks (see images on this page). The SS was a religious cult of sworn Hitler/German ancestor worship. If the Nazis' occult lodges had been exposed then shut down, not treated as a taboo, millions of lives could have been saved. A small price to pay for insane racism and the blood of millions of people. The second world war need never have happened. Unless you want the occult fuelling a totalitarian West's Third World War 'on terror' and their 'New World Order' - please - do your bit to expose George W. Bush, the bonesmen and other interconnected lodges round the world. Heinrich Himmler, whose arrest as a traitor Hitler had ordered on 28 April 1945 for negotiating with the Allies, was captured by a British patrol on 23 May. A few hours later he killed himself with cyanide, and, dying as Reichsführer-S.S., set his final seal upon the destruction of the world's most sinister order, which the Third Reich's military defeat had already inflicted. Hitler had sown seeds of the deepest hatred between Nazis and Communists in his teaching and in the cruelty and mass murder he had launched in Russia. Now it was the turn of the Soviets. Nazism reached its end in a Berlin turned into a battleground of unparalleled violence, fire and brutality as the Soviet forces dealt blows of destruc-tion and revenge. It was as if the Satanic essence of Nazism shone through the flames and the ruins.George W Bush was/is a member of the "skull and bones" society. There's even a movie about it. And no, this isn't just another harmless Greek fraternity. It's a secretive, satanic cult for the jaded and self-appointed elites at Yale University. The upper crust of the upper crust -- with only 15 new initiates selected from each graduating class. Bush wrote in his autobiography it was, "so secret, I can't say anything more." But I can: We know that initiates undergo torture, kiss a scull, press a human femur bone to the initiates backside, act out a throat slashing ritual murder, and they pledge allegiance to a figure dressed up as Satan. They are also compelled to relate their entire sexual history while masturbating in a coffin. Bush had the name "Magog" , because he had the most extensive illicit sexual background of all the new initiates. And of course, Gog and "Magog" are names directly connected with Satan and the Antichrist in Revelation (20:8). The following is a short clip from a video taken by investigative journalist Ron Rosenbaum on April 14, 2001: Scull&Bones Clip The words and imagery of the cult are heavily centered on death, as they repeat the same mantra over and over, till it is burned into their conciseness: THE HANGMAN EQUALS DEATH! THE DEVIL EQUALS DEATH! DEATH EQUALS DEATH!' Initiates are instructed to "die to the barbarian world" so that they can be reborn in the "The Order," a brotherhood of Satan. In a new and more recent twist, in addition to being cross examined by Satan, initiates are also being cross-examined by a member dressed up as George W Bush, aka "Magog", who hurls vulgar profanities and says thing like "I'm gonna kill you like I killed Al Gore." Some may want to dismiss all this as somewhere on the extremely poor-taste edge of college hijinks, but it's much more serious than that. Such a darkly obscene and prolonged ritual cannot help but have a lasting impact on the souls of young initiates. Oaths to the devil taken in jest are nevertheless taken in fact. It's also important to point out that scull and bones cult members do not resign after graduation - like born again Christians they consider themselves to be born again into "the order" forever- only they're reborn in Satan, and not the Holy Spirit. They even have their own hideout called Deer Island, where former Bones members bring their families for summer reunions. A secluded hideaway is located in the St. Lawrence River, and owned by the Deer Island Club Corporation, a shell company operated by Skull and Bones members. The Scull and Bones Satanist Elites maintain their cultic relationships their entire lives - mostly by helping each other gain positions of influence and world power, in order to make more money. A satanic mafia for the super-well-connected. Though Bush kept going bust in the oil business, his comrades from scull and bones helped bail him out, and it was they who would later give him his start in politics. Bush was also involved in torture at Delta Kappa Epsilon, at a time when he was President of the fraternity. One pledge recalled how this "compassionate conservative" took great pleasure in branding him with a red hot iron, leaving him with scars which he carries to this day. When the hazing scandal broke in the campus newspaper in the late '60s, Bush tried to defend the illegal torture as a "harmless prank", but the fraternity was fined and the branding practice halted. It's little wonder that he still considers illegal torture a 'harmless prank': When he was a boy he also used to sadistically insert firecrackers into frogs and blow them up for kicks. Little wonder that under his leadership, for the first time Americans are engaging in the shameful and counter-productive practice of torturing prisoners in places like Abu Ghraib Prision.Then there's the Bush family alliance with the greatest evil in history - Adolph Hitler. Bush's grandfather Prescott Bush, also a 'scull and bones' man, got rich first by helping the Nazis come to power, then helping Hitler build the war machine that would decimate the world, and then even benefiting from Nazi slave labor and the extermination of millions of Jews. Auschwitz was built near coal deposits so that slave labor could be used in one of Prescott Bush's holdings, the Silesian American Corporation. Even after the US declared war on Germany, Prescott Bush continued violating the Trading With the Enemy Act, until the government finally shut him down late in 1942 - but not before making him rich, and establishing the Bush family as a power in American politics.Sometime in the early 1830s, a Yale student named William H. Russell—the future valedictorian of the class of 1833- traveled to Germany to study for a year. Russell came from an inordinately wealthy family that ran one of America's most despicable business organizations of the nineteenth century: Russell and Company, an opium empire. Russell would later become a member of the Connecticut state legislature, a general in the Connecticut National Guard, and the founder of the Collegiate and Commercial Institute in New Haven. While in Germany, Russell befriended the leader of an insidious German secret society that hailed the death's head as its logo. Russell soon became caught up in this group, itself a sinister outgrowth of the notorious eighteenth-century society the Illuminati. When Russell returned to the United States, he found an atmosphere so Anti-Masonic that even his beloved Phi Beta Kappa, the honor society, had been unceremoniously stripped of its secrecy. Incensed, Russell rounded up a group of the most promising students in his class-including Alphonso Taft, the future secretary of war, attorney general, minister to Austria, ambassador to Russia, and father of future president William Howard Taft-and out of vengeance constructed the most powerful secret society the United States has ever known.The men called their organization the Brotherhood of Death, or, more informally, the Order of Skull and Bones. They adopted the numerological symbol 322 because their group was the second chapter of the German organization and founded in 1832. They worshiped the goddess Eulogia, celebrated pirates, and plotted an underground conspiracy to dominate the world. Fast-forward 170 years. Skull and Bones has curled its tentacles into every corner of American society. This tiny club has set up networks that have thrust three members into the most powerful political position in the world. And the group's influence is only increasing-the 2004 presidential election might showcase the first time each ticket has been led by a Bonesman. The secret society is now, as one historian admonishes, " 'an international mafia'. . . unregulated and all but unknown." In its quest to create a New World Order that restricts individual freedoms and places ultimate power solely in the hands of a small cult of wealthy, prominent families, Skull and Bones has already succeeded in infiltrating nearly every major research, policy, financial, media, and government institution in the country. Skull and Bones, in fact, has been running the United States for years.Skull and Bones cultivates its talent by selecting members from the junior class at Yale University, a school known for its strange, Gothic elitism and its rigid devotion to the past. The society screens its candidates carefully, favoring Protestants and, now, white Catholics, with special affection for the children of wealthy East Coast Skull and Bones members. Skull and Bones has been dominated by about two dozen of the country's most prominent families—Bush, Bundy, Harriman, Lord, Phelps, Rockefeller, Taft, and Whitney among them—who are encouraged by the society to intermarry so that its power is consolidated. In fact, Skull and Bones forces members to confess their entire sexual histories so that the club, as a eugenics overlord, can determine whether a new Bonesman will be fit to mingle with the bloodlines of the powerful Skull and Bones dynasties. A rebel will not make Skull and Bones; nor will anyone whose background in any way indicates that he will not sacrifice for the greater good of the larger organization.As soon as initiates are allowed into the "tomb," a dark, windowless crypt in New Haven with a roof that serves as a landing pad for the society's private helicopter, they are sworn to silence and told they must forever deny that they are members of this organization. During initiation, which involves ritualistic psychological conditioning, the juniors wrestle in mud and are physically beaten—this stage of the ceremony represents their "death" to the world as they have known it. They then lie naked in coffins, masturbate, and reveal to the society their innermost sexual secrets. After this cleansing, the Bonesmen give the initiates robes to represent their new identities as individuals with a higher purpose. The society anoints the initiate with a new name, symbolizing his rebirth and rechristening as Knight X, a member of the Order. It is during this initiation that the new members are introduced to the artifacts in the tomb, among them Nazi memorabilia—including a set of Hitler's silverware-dozens of skulls, and an assortment of decorative tchotchkes: coffins, skeletons, and innards. They are also introduced to "the Bones whore," the tomb's only full-time resident, who helps to ensure that the Bonesmen leave the tomb more mature than when they entered. Members of Skull and Bones must make some sacrifices to the society—and they are threatened with blackmail so that they remain loyal—but they are remunerated with honors and rewards, including a graduation gift of $15,000 and a wedding gift of a tall grandfather clock. Though they must tithe their estates to the society, each member is guaranteed financial security for life; in this way, Bones can ensure that no member will feel the need to sell the secrets of the society in order to make a living. And it works: No one has publicly breathed a word about his Skull and Bones membership, ever. Bonesmen are automatically offered jobs at the many investment banks and law firms dominated by their secret society brothers. They are also given exclusive access to the Skull and Bones island, a lush retreat built for millionaires, with a lavish mansion and a bevy of women at the members' disposal. The influence of the cabal begins at Yale, where Skull and Bones has appropriated university funds for its own use, leaving the school virtually impoverished. Skull and Bones' corporate shell, the Russell Trust Association, owns nearly all of the university's real estate, as well as most of the land in Connecticut. Skull and Bones has controlled Yale's faculty and campus publications so that students cannot speak openly about it. "Year by year," the campus's only anti-society publication stated during its brief tenure in 1873, "the deadly evil is growing."The year in the tomb at Yale instills within members an unwavering loyalty to Skull and Bones. Members have been known to stab their Skull and Bones pins into their skin to keep them in place during swimming or bathing. The knights (as the student members are called) learn quickly that their allegiance to the society must supersede all else: family, friendships, country, God. They are taught that once they get out into the world, they are expected to reach positions of prominence so that they can further elevate the society's status and help promote the standing of their fellow Bonesmen. This purpose has driven Bonesmen to ascend to the top levels of so many fields that, as one historian observes, "at any one time The Order can call on members in any area of American society to do what has to be done." Several Bonesmen have been senators, congressmen, Supreme Court justices, and Cabinet officials. There is a Bones cell in the CIA, which uses the society as a recruiting ground because the members are so obviously adept at keeping secrets. Society members dominate financial institutions such as J. P. Morgan, Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, and Brown Brothers Harriman, where at one time more than a third of the partners were Bonesmen. Through these companies, Skull and Bones provided financial backing to Adolf Hitler because the society then followed a Nazi-and now follows a neo-Nazi—doctrine. At least a dozen Bonesmen have been linked to the Federal Reserve, including the first chairman of the New York Federal Reserve. Skull and Bones members control the wealth of the Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Ford families.Skull and Bones has also taken steps to control the American media.Two of its members founded the law firm that represents the New York Times. Plans for both Time and Newsweek magazines were hatched in the Skull and Bones tomb. The society has controlled publishing houses such as Farrar, Straus & Giroux. In the 1880s, Skull and Bones created the American Historical Association, the American Psychological Association, and the American Economic Association so that the society could ensure that history would be written under its terms and promote its objectives. The society then installed its own members as the presidents of these associations. Under the society's direction, Bonesmen developed and dropped the nuclear bomb and choreographed the Bay of Pigs invasion. Skull and Bones members had ties to Watergate and the Kennedy assassination. They control the Council on Foreign Relations and the Trilateral Commission so that they can push their own political agenda. Skull and Bones government officials have used the number 322 as codes for highly classified diplomatic assignments. The society discriminates against minorities and fought for slavery; indeed eight out of twelve of Yale's residential colleges are named for slave owners while none are named for abolitionists. The society encourages misogyny: it did not admit women until the 1990s because members did not believe women were capable of handling the Skull and Bones experience and because they said they feared incidents of date rape. This society also encourages grave robbing: deep within the bowels of the tomb are the stolen skulls of the Apache chief Geronimo, Pancho Villa, and former president Martin Van Buren.Finally, the society has taken measures to ensure that the secrets of Skull and Bones slip ungraspable like sand through open fingers. Journalist Ron Rosenbaum, who wrote a long but not probing article about the society in the 1970s, claimed that a source warned him not to get too close."What bank do you have your checking account at?" this party asked me in the middle of a discussion of the Mithraic aspects of the Bones ritual.I named the bank. "Aha," said the party. "There are three Bonesmen on the board. You'll never have a line of credit again. They'll tap your phone. They'll. . . ". . .The source continued: "The alumni still care. Don't laugh. They don't like people tampering and prying. The power of Bones is incredible. They've got their hands on every lever of power in the country. You'll see—it's like trying to look into the Mafia."In the 1980s, a man known only as Steve had contracts to write two books on the society, using documents and photographs he had acquired from the Bones crypt. But Skull and Bones found out about Steve. Society members broke into his apartment, stole the documents, harassed the would-be author, and scared him into hiding, where he has remained ever since. The books were never completed. In Universal Pictures' thriller The Skulls (2000), an aspiring journalist is writing a profile of the society for the New York Times. When he sneaks into the tomb, the Skulls murder him. The real Skull and Bones tomb displays a bloody knife in a glass case. It is said that when a Bonesman stole documents and threatened to publish society secrets if the members did not pay him a determined amount of money, they used that knife to kill him. This, then, is the legend of Skull and Bones.It is astonishing that so many people continue to believe, even in twenty-first-century America, that a tiny college club wields such an enormous amount of influence on the world's only superpower. The breadth of clout ascribed to this organization is practically as wide-ranging as the leverage of the satirical secret society the Stonecutters introduced in an episode of The Simpsons. The Stonecutters theme song included the lyrics:Who controls the British crown? Who keeps the metric system down? We do! We do. . .Who holds back the electric car? Who makes Steve Guttenberg a star? We do! We do.Certainly, Skull and Bones does cross boundaries in order to attempt to stay out of the public spotlight. When I wrote an article about the society for the Atlantic Monthly in May 2000, an older Bonesman said to me, "If it's not portrayed positively, I'm sending a couple of my friends after you." After the article was published, I received a telephone call at my office from a fellow journalist, who is a member of Skull and Bones.He scolded me for writing the article—"writing that article was not an ethical or honorable way to make a decent living in journalism," he condescended —and then asked me how much I had been paid for the story. When I refused to answer, he hung up. Fifteen minutes later, he called back."I have just gotten off the phone with our people." "Your people?" I snickered."Yes. Our people." He told me that the society demanded to know where I got my information."I've never been in the tomb and I did nothing illegal in the process of reporting this article," I replied."Then you must have gotten something from one of us. Tell me whom you spoke to. We just want to talk to them," he wheedled. "I don't reveal my sources."Then he got angry. He screamed at me for a while about how dishonorable I was for writing the article. "A lot of people are very despondent over this!" he yelled. "Fifteen Yale juniors are very, very upset!" I thanked him for telling me his concerns."There are a lot of us at newspapers and at political journalism institutions," he coldly hissed. "Good luck with your career"—and he slammed down the phone.Skull and Bones, particularly in recent years, has managed to pervade both popular and political culture. In the 1992 race for the Republican presidential nomination, Pat Buchanan accused President George Bush of running "a Skull and Bones presidency." In 1993, during Jeb Bush's Florida gubernatorial campaign, one of his constituents asked him, "You're familiar with the Skull and Crossbones Society?" When Bush responded, "Yeah, I've heard about it," the constituent persisted, "Well, can you tell the people here what your family membership in that is? Isn't your aim to take control of the United States?" In January 2001, New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd used Skull and Bones in a simile: "When W. met the press with his choice for attorney general, John Ashcroft, before Christmas, he vividly showed how important it is to him that his White House be as leak-proof as the Skull & Bones 'tomb.'"That was less than a year after the Universal Pictures film introduced the secret society to a new demographic perhaps uninitiated into the doctrines of modern-day conspiracy theory. Not long before the movie was previewed in theaters—and perhaps in anticipation of the election of George W. Bush—a letter was distributed to members from Skull and Bones headquarters. "In view of the political happenings in the barbarian world," the memo read, "I feel compelled to remind all of the tradition of privacy and confidentiality essential to the well-being of our Order and strongly urge stout resistance to the seductions and blandishments of the Fourth Estate." This vow of silence remains the society's most important rule. Bonesmen have been exceedingly careful not to break this code of secrecy, and have kept specific details about the organization out of the press. Indeed, given the unusual, strict written reminder to stay silent, members of Skull and Bones may well refuse to speak to any member of the media ever again.But they have already spoken to me. When? Over the past three years. Why? Perhaps because I am a member of one of Skull and Bones' kindred Yale secret societies. Perhaps because some of them are tired of the Skull and Bones legend, of the claims of conspiracy theorists and some of their fellow Bonesmen. What follows, then, is the truth about Skull and Bones. And if this truth does not contain all of the conspiratorial elements that the Skull and Bones legend projects, it is perhaps all the more interesting for that fact. The story of Skull and Bones is not just the story of a remarkable secret society, but a remarkable society of secrets, some with basis in truth, some nothing but fog. Much of the way we understand the world of power involves myriad assumptions of connection and control, of cause and effect, and of coincidence that surely cannot be coincidence.Most of the speculative lore about the Skull and Bones ritual has centered on its death fixation. Beyond the obvious skull-and-crossbones insignia, of course, the most persistent story is that initiates spend their senior year in the basement crypt of the Bones Tomb taking turns lying in a coffin and, in two long, intense, psycho-drama autobiographical sessions in said coffins, recount their personal and sexual history to the other 14 chosen ones. The better to bond for life with those they know best and prepare for their destiny as stewards of the ruling class. The death-centered imagery, the injunction to initiates that they must "die to the barbarian world" and be reborn in the Elysian company of the elect of "The Order," as they call it, is what makes Skull and Bones as radically different from a college fraternity as the Gambino family is from the "hunting and fishing club" that was their nominal headquarters. The hangman equals death. The devil equals death. Death equals death .... What the hell is going on there? Is it a puzzle in logic, like "All men are mortal. Socrates is mortal ..."? Does it solve out to "The hangman equals the devil?" Could one detect a capital-punishment theme here--the hangman as executioner presaging George W.'s prolific execution rate as Texas governor? "George W. equals death," you might say. And what about the devil? (Well, the figure dressed like the devil.) Is that the secret they've been covering up ever since the society was founded in 1832, the offshoot of a German secret society: devil worship? A fulfillment of the paranoid fantasies of the fundamentalist right, who believe the Eastern establishment is a front for Satanic conspiracy. Probably not, but it made me more eager to participate in this year's caper: the attempt to see as well as hear it, to capture it all on video--for educational, historical and journalistic purposes to document a defining rite of passage of the American ruling class. Oh, yes--before we get to the night-vision videotape, there was one more thing, the embarrassing part of the audiotape, the OOGA-BOOGA part. Part of the ceremony on the tape involved an initiation master ordering the neophytes to fetch bones and uttering the (I guess) fake Tarzan-movie "native" chant "OOGA BOOGA." It left me feeling embarrassed for Skull and Bones. Hard to ever take seriously again anyone whose defining life-mission moment includes an OOGA BOOGA. But as it turned out, "OOGA BOOGA" was not evident in this year's ceremony, as far as we were able to tell. Perhaps it was an improvisation, like this year's impersonation of George W. ("I'll ream you like I reamed Al Gore") was. The Observer Mission Impossible Force met to plot strategy an hour before sunset on initiation night, Saturday, April 12. It is not widely known, but Tap Night, which occurs on Thursday, is not generally the same as initiation night. The good stuff happens on Saturday night, and already limos are cruising the quiet streets that crisscross the Yale campus, conveying initiates of other secret societies to their rituals. Bones initiates come on foot, knock on the massive triple-locked wooden door of the Tomb and are conveyed to the first stage of the ritual. But we are getting ahead of ourselves. Let me just mention how much I admired the intrepid Yale members of the Observer Bones Task Force for displaying the kind of curiosity, initiative and heretical, skeptical impulse apparently absent on most Ivy campuses, if you believe David Brooks' recent Atlantic Monthly cover story on get-along-go-along premature careerists. The guys on my team will make more of a real contribution than any of the smug secret-society types. First on the agenda was a quick examination of the Bones income-tax filings, which an outside consultant to the team had obtained through Freedom of Information Act requests. He and Peggy Adler pointed out to me a couple of dubious assertions on the Form 990's (Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax), which called into question certain of the grounds for charitable exemption. In particular, there was the assertion in the 1997 RTA Incorporated filing (Part VI, line 80b) that the organization was not "related ... through common membership, governing bodies, trustees, officers etc. to any other exempt or non-exempt organization." Contradicting that assertion is information on the filing of the Deer Island Club Corporation. Deer Island is the private island of the Skull and Bones Society, located in the St. Lawrence River. It is the place where Bones members bring their families for summer get-togethers. It is wholly owned and run by Skull and Bones members, apparently contradicting Bones' claim of "no relationship" to another exempt organization, and appearing to contradict the strictly educational and charitable mission for which RTA gets its exemption for Skull and Bones. The consultant argues in a memo that the purpose of the 80b question on the Bones deduction claim form "is to prevent tax exempt charities from undertaking non-charitable activities by hiding them in another corporation. This is of course precisely what RTA Inc. is accomplishing through the Deer Island Club Corporation. In order to conceal this arrangement however RTA Inc. denies its connection to the DICC." In fact, he goes on, "RTA and the DICC are so closely linked that for all intents and purposes RTA Inc. does own Deer Island despite its claims to the contrary." I'm not going to go into the whole tax issue here. Perhaps the Bones shell corporation has a good and valid reason for claiming that it has no connection to the Bones private-island country club.** Perhaps this sort of thing goes on all the time among the private charities of the privileged. I don't think Deer Island will become George W. Bush's Whitewater. But one might think that a scrupulous White House counsel would want to look at the kind of tax information George W.'s secret society is filing on his behalf. Particularly since he's promising enormous windfalls for the privileged, the tax breaks his secret society takes should be utterly beyond suspicion. Does the President, I'd like to know, claim his Skull and Bones dues as a charitable deduction, when the only charity seems to be providing a club house and country house for the privileged? The RTA filing claims Skull and Bones exists "for the benefit of Yale University." But Yale--which celebrates three centuries of luminous atainments this weekend--ought to question what "benefit" it gets from chants of "lick my bumhole" and the mockery of Abner Louima. Anyway, as night came falling and we choreographed the evening's caper, I felt that we were carrying on an old-fashioned, longstanding tradition: the natural reaction of the democratic (small D) tradition to elitist power that conceals itself within the cloak of privilege and secrecy. And for me, it was a culmination of my own quarter-century quest, one that had become personalized lately by the fact that our Skull and Bones President had been a classmate of mine at Yale. 'Run, Neophyte, Run!' At last, zero hour approached. For two centuries, the outside world had wondered and fantasized about what was about to happen, what actually went on in the fabled Skull and Bones initiation. There's a long tradition of Yale secret societies (including Bones) raiding other secret societies to capture their ritual artifacts. In the 1970's, an all-woman break-in team published photographs of the Bone's Tomb's interior. But tonight, for the first time ever, we would attempt to capture the actual secret initiation ritual and bring it to light for anthropological study. Our team's equipment included three night-vision-capable digital-video cameras, one tape recorder, a stepladder and two walkie-talkies. (I could never get mine to work.) Because of a recent injury which limits my mobility, I was stationed at a listening post with my tape recorder while the video-cam team proceeded to their more perilous perch at the forward base (as those of us in special ops call it). We planned to rendezvous afterward for me to view the tape. We split up just as the whoops and groans, the screams and moans began to emanate from inside the Tomb and the masters of the Skull and Bones initiation began establishing the posts they'd man for the occult psycho-drama to come. From my post, I could see through an open window shadowy figures walking very close above my head. Later I'll put my audio impressions together with the video-cam record the other team obtained for a more complete picture, but first let me transcribe some of the notes I made from listening in. Fragmentary as they are, they capture some of the strangeness, and perhaps the kind of disorientation the initiates themselves experienced there in the courtyard of Skull and Bones. First, there was the guy posing as George W. He seemed to be a bit disgruntled at being given this role--a feeling he expressed by calling out in his George W. drawl to another "Patriarch" (as they're called): "I got the power to bomb the crap out of China and they give me this station." Then someone--one of the initiates?--called out "Uncle Toby!" (Many Bone ritual personae are taken from Laurence Sterne's Tristram Shandy-- you gotta give them credit there for good taste.) "Uncle Toby!" the cry repeated. "Shut up, neophyte." "Take that plunger out of my ass, Uncle Toby." Presumably, this mocking Louima reference was a ploy to scare initiates into thinking Uncle Toby was going to give them the plunger treatment. That cheerful rectal theme was followed up by: "I'm gonna ream you like I reamed Al Gore!" from the George W. imitator. Followed by "Help me! It's the devil!" And then "George W." really getting into it: "I'm gonna kill you like I killed Al Gore." Silence. Then a door opened. Voices--half of them, it seemed, women--were screaming: "Run! Neophyte! Run, neophyte!" (The neophytes are, of course, the new initiates.) From my post, I could only see hooded figures racing about in the darkness above my head, accompanied by cries of: "Run, neophyte!" "Find the femur!" And (again): "Take that plunger out of my ass, Uncle Toby!" Then silence for awhile. The neophyte seemed to have gone back inside the Tomb. After which one of the Patriarchs complained, "We ought to get better blood than this fuckin' syrup, man." It was only later that I learned what the blood was for: the whole throat-slitting "barbarian" tableau after the skull-kissing."Find the femur, neophyte!" Along with the occasional "Lick my bumhole!" "Remove the plunger!"—type outcries. The devil figure pulled them into a white tent in the courtyard where, we think, they found their femurs and emerged with what looked like a thigh bone, although it was impossible to tell whether it once belonged to a human or not. When they reemerged from the tent, they were led to the centerpiece of this part of the ritual. They were forced face-to-face with a shocking tableau: a guy holding what seemed like a butcher knife, wearing a kind of animal-skin "barbarian" look, stood over what seemed to be a woman covered in fake blood and not much else. The neophyte then approached a skull a few feet away from the knife-wielder-and-victim tableau. The neophyte knelt and kissed the skull, at which point the guy with the knife knelt and cut the throat of the prone figure. (Well, pretended to cut the throat.) I'm not sure what it all means. I've yet to decode the mystical significance of this, although I do love to think of former President George Bush kissing the skull. Obviously, it has something to do with subservience. Kiss the skull of power. Bow down to The Order. But what about the "barbarian" cutting the throat of his victim? Does it mean "One dies to the barbarian world"? Does it mean "Death to the barbarians"? Does it endorse cutthroat tactics? Is that how they enforce silence and secrecy? I plan to continue my relentless study of the hermeneutics of the Bones rituals, myths and symbolism based on these new revelations, and perhaps with the help of a Bones graduate who feels the time has come to lift the veil on the silly (and no longer even secret) symbolism of their society. (Contact me privately c/o The Edgy Alliance, 577 Second Avenue, Box 105, N.Y., N.Y. 10016.) All that death imagery, though: Maybe it's meant to be a first ritualistic confrontation with Mortality, the skull as a memento mori designed to instill in the "neophyte" a sense of the gravity of one's mission in life. In that regard, consider the direct relevance of at least one aspect of the ritual to George W. That recurrent phrase: "Run, neophyte, run!" Think about it. When George W. was first considering the fairly serious shift from baseball-team owner (whose major achievement was trading away Sammy Sosa) to governor of Texas, or when he was considering the shift from one-term governor of Texas to President of the United States, what decided him--what made him think he could pull it off, despite years as a semi-permanent neophyte? Could it be that what he heard, echoing in his brain, down the corridors of the years, was the injunction from that long-ago April night when he was a Skull and Bones initiate? When he bent down to kiss the skull and heard, resounding in his ears, the command: "Run, neophyte, run!"Those on the inside know it as The Order. Others have known it for more than 150 years as Chapter 322 of a German secret society. More formally, for legal purposes, The Order was incorporated as The Russell Trust in 1856. It was also once known as the "Brotherhood of Death". In America it is called the 'Skull & Bones' club, The American chapter of this German order was founded in 1833 at Yale University by General William Huntington Russell and Alphonso Taft who, in 1876, became Secretary of War in the Grant ministration. Alphonso Taft was the father of William Howard Taft, the only man to be both President and Chief Justice of the United States. It is a senior year society which exists only at Yale. Members are chosen in their junior year and spend only one year on campus, the senior year, with Skull & Bones. In other words, the organization is oriented to the graduate outside world. The Order meets annually - patriarchies only - on Deer Island in the St. Lawrence River. Senior societies are unique to Yale. There are two other senior societies at Yale, but none elsewhere. Scroll & Key and Wolf's Head are supposedly competitive societies founded in the mid-19th century. We believe these to be part of the same network. Rosenbaum commented in his "Esquire" article, very accurately, that anyone in the Eastern Liberal Establishment who is not a member of Skull & Bones group is almost certainly a member of either the Scroll and Key or the Wolf's Head . The selection procedure for new members of The Order has not changed since 1832. Each year 15, and only 15, never fewer, are selected. In the past 150 years about 2500 Yale graduates have been initiated into The Order. At any time about 500-600 are alive and active. Roughly about one- quarter of these take an active role in furthering the objectives of The Order. The others either lose interest or just change their minds. The most likely potential member is from a Bones family, who is energetic, resourceful, political and probably an amoral team player. ... Honours and financial rewards are guaranteed by the power of The Order,but the price of these honours and rewards is sacrifice to the common goal of The Order.Some have not been willing to pay this price. The Old Line American families and their descendants involved in the Skull & Bones are names such as the following:Whitney,Perkins, Stimson, Harriman, Rockefeller, Lord, Brown, Bundy, Bush and Phelps. The order is not just another Greek letter fraternal society with passwords and handgrips common to most campuses. Chapter 322 is a secret society whose members are sworn to silence. It has rules and ceremonial rites. It is not at all happy with prying, probing citizens - known among initiates as 'outsiders' or 'vandals'. Its members always deny membership. An interesting point is whether the many members in various Administrations or who hold government positions have declared their members in the biographical data supplied for FBI 'background checks'. We doult this fact as test cases along with freemason membership often goes unrecorded.Pressure is now being placed to correct this.Between 1983-1986, the British-born conspiracy theorist Antony Sutton wrote a series of pamphlets about the Order of Skull & Bones. According to informed sources, Sutton was one of several historians who were provided with a large file of the Order's internal documents, including minutes of some meetings, descriptions of rituals, and what would appear to be a rather complete list of its members from its founding through to the early 1980s. The short pamphlets were compiled into one volume and published as a book in 1986.For someone closely following the just-concluded Persian Gulf War and attempting to gain some insight into George Bush's performance during that largely orchestrated affair, one recurring theme in the Sutton volume stands out like a sore thumb: the New World Order.According to the Skull & Bones documents used by Sutton in his somewhat flawed profile of the Order, the creation of a New World Order is a primary goal of the Bonesmen and has been for decades. For the initiates into the Order, the term New World Order has a very specific meaning.It is a world dominated by American military power and American control over all strategic raw materials. Just as the Greek city-state of Sparta provided the Skull & Bones with the image of a WASP warrior caste, the Persian Empire, with its system of coalitions of satrap armies, provides the model for the Bonesmen's New World Order. The image of Secretary of State James A. Baker III traveling from foreign capital to foreign capital demanding military legions or chests of gold to finance the war for a New World Order is an image straight out of the chronicles of the Persian Empire.According to the recent biography of Henry Stimson, the man who inspired President Bush was firmly convinced that it was essential for America to go to war once every generation or so. It was, for Stimson, a spiritually cleansing process which enables the nation to rally behind a cause and overcome its weaknesses and shortcomings in one grand burst of military fervor. The romantic mystique of the purgative powers of combat is key to understanding the political philosophy of Skull & Bones.Although America's Vietnam debacle remains a bitter memory of the Bonesmen's failure in war, the recent Persian Gulf conflict, with its massive overkill and the use of highly advanced weapons and technologies, is now the new glorious symbol of the WASP warrior caste's reincarnation. When President Bush vowed that the Gulf War would not be another Vietnam, he was speaking first and foremost to his fellow Bonesmen -- not to the American people. If such thinking smacks of dangerous fantasy on the part of a major world power in the modern era, it is indeed.On a more practical political level, the Gulf War was a gambit to save the Bush presidency from a mounting pile of domestic financial woes, not the least of which was the savings and loan (S&L) crisis and a pending series of failures of major commercial banks. In the months preceding the Gulf showdown, the president's own son, Neil Bush, came under intense media scrutiny for his role in the failure of a large S&L in Colorado. Neil's photograph, testifying under oath before a congressional committee probing fraud among top S & L managers, became a familiar front-page feature in every major newspaper in America, threatening dangerous popular disillusion with the Yale Bonesman in the White House. With a U.S. federal government deficit projected at nearly a half a trillion dollars for Fiscal Year 1991, in large part because of the S&L crisis and a shrinking business tax base, the Democratic Party majority in the U.S. Congress was pressing for deep cutbacks in defense spending now that the Cold War had ended.On the international stage, the reunification of Germany, clearly the most dramatic event of 1990, posed new challenges to the Bush team. Germany was about to emerge as the dominant power in continental Europe by virtue of its advanced industrial infrastructure and its long tradition of independent political dealings with Moscow. Just months before the outbreak of the Gulf crisis, Germany's Chancellor Helmut Kohl had met with Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and signed a long term economic assistance pact. As a result, Gorbachev dropped all remaining objections to the immediate reunification of Germany.At that point, the Bush administration changed its tactics. Previously, in sharp contrast to the Thatcher government in Great Britain, it had been nominally in favor of German reunification. But at the Houston economic summit of the Group of Seven Industrialized Countries in the summer of 1990, the United States blocked (with Britain) Germany's plan of unconditional economic aid to the Soviet Union. President Bush took the position that the Soviet Union must submit to International Monetary Fund requisites as a precondition for any substantive economic assistance.In the Far East, Japan's continuing growth in manufacturing also posed a threat to Washington's desire to retain superpower status. If President Bush and his Bonesmen coterie were unaware of a stunning historical analogy, their British "cousins" were quick to pick up on the parallels between the global strategic situation in July 1990 and the identical international situation that existed 100 years earlier.In the 1890s, France, under the brilliant political leadership of Foreign Minister Gabriel Hanataux, was attempting to forge a Eurasian alliance with Germany, Russia and Meiji Japan. The idea was to link continental Europe with Japan and China through a series of large overland infrastructure projects, beginning with the Trans-Siberian Railroad. Through treaties covering key areas of economic and security matters, Hanataux hoped to create a zone of prosperity, built on a foundation of rapid economic growth and extensive trade.Such a political-economic common interest alliance threatened the imperial hegemony of Great Britain. At the turn of the 20th century, Britain looked to the United States (as its English-speaking ally) to join in sabotaging the Hanataux plan. Through the Spanish-American War of 1898 and the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, Britain and her American junior partner (by then led by Henry Stimson's old mentor Teddy Roosevelt) managed to disrupt the French-German-Russian-Japanese economic axis. Two world wars and the Great Depression were the consequences of that interference.THE PERSIAN GULF WARIt was against this historical backdrop that President Bush, invoking the World War II imagery of his Skull & Bones idol Henry Stimson, went to war against Iraq. There is even speculation that President Bush was personally instrumental in luring Saddam Hussein into invading Kuwait, thereby provoking the American-led military response. Many news accounts have emphasized that a two-hour private meeting between the president and Margaret Thatcher in the Aspen, Colorado vacation chalet of U.S. Ambassador Henry Catto on August 2, 1990 helped finalize Bush's decision to immediately deploy military force.Recently, an astute Japanese analyst drew a disturbing parallel between Bush and FDR, who was greatly influenced by Stimson. According to the writer, FDR lured Japan into World War II through an intricate series of economic warfare maneuvers which left Japan with little choice but to strike-back. In much the same way, said the analyst, Bush had lured Saddam Hussein into Kuwait in order to launch a new Gulf War that would have consequences reaching far beyond Iraq and the Middle East.As a result of the military victory over Iraq, the United States is in the process of establishing a string of permanent military bases throughout the Persian Gulf and Near East. The oil sheikdoms of the region, led by Saudi Arabia, are now thoroughly dependent on the American military presence to ensure the survival of their regimes. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is effectively captured by Washington. American bankers aided by U.S. gunboats now are setting world oil prices. Thus, one consequence of the Persian Gulf War is that the United States now has an oil weapon -- pointed principally at Germany and Japan. Ironically, America's two chief economic rivals have paid out a total of $27 billion to date to help finance a Bush administration military adventure which put the oil weapon in Washington's hand.Another telling example of how the Order's man in the Oval Office intends to administer a crumbling U.S. domestic economy while imposing the New World Order on the rest of the world is to be found in the recent buyout of the majority of stock in Citicorp, the largest U.S. commercial bank, by Saudi Prince Talal bin Abdul Aziz. Citicorp is one of the major American commercial banks on the verge of collapse, but which is considered by the Bush administration and the Federal Reserve System to be "too big to fall." The stock purchase amounted to a Saudi Royal Family bail-out of Citicorp, using the increased profits being enjoyed by the House of Saud as a result of the massive jump in Saudi oil production since the beginning of the Gulf crisis in August 1990.There points up a striking difference between the role of the United States in World War II and the Bush administration's handling to date of the Middle East crisis. During World War II, the United States went through a genuine economic revival. Skull & Bones historian Samuel Huntington described it as a "neo Hamiltonian" policy, a reference to the first United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton. (less)

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Jessica's Body is a new Girl Band produced by J Bigga Get the lyrics and free ringtones at jbigga.com ENJOY! lolfergie nude sex porn britney Tyra Banks Fat k fedSounds Like: girls aloud, suggababes Story of the Year, Linkin Park, Pearl Jam, Hey Juliet, LMNT, Doggy Style, Sum 41, American Hi-Fi, Blink 182, Motion City Soundtrack, Beck, Paris Hilton, Stars Are Blind, odelay, New Found Glory, Free Stuff Song, Bowling For Soup, The Aquabats, Good Charlotte, Cartel, Weezer, staind, disturbed, Letter Kills, The Ataris, Mest, Matchbook Romance, R Kelly, Gnarls Barkley, Crazy, Neyo, Beyonce, Akon, Fergie, Gwen Stephani, The Fray, Nickleback, Ludacris, Pharell, Young Jeezy, The Killers, Britney, Kelies, Christina Agulera, Black Eyed Peas, Shakira, Hips Don't Lie Kereoke, Fenix TX, Raven Symone, Midtown, Allister, Breaking Point, 10 years, coheed and cambria, the click five, afi, yellowcard, Good Charlotte, Cartel, something corporate, Weezer, Hannah Montana, unk, boys like girls, kelly clarkson, carrie underwood, cascada, danity kane, webstar, weird al yancovich, radio disney on ice, Letter Kills, Ataris, jibs, akon, hinder, elvis crespo, costello, cute is what we aim for, all time low, cyprus hill, cypress, Mest, Matchbook Romance, evanessance, three days grace, seether, fort minor, flyleaf, hawthorne heights, Brooke Hogan, and limp bizkit, Gnarls Barkley, Vanessa Hudgens, afters, Green Day, Gwen Stefani, nwa, +44, plus 44, Letter Kills, Paramore, Hidden in Plain View, Boys Night Out, run kid run and the beatles, Raven Symone, Midtown and Allister, Breaking Point, Bayside, California love, Lillix, JoJo, MTV News, nickelodeon, nick jr, Rihanna, Tim McGraw, pod, Creed, red hot chilly peppers, Hillary Duff, arcade fire, muse, remy zero, powderfinger, nada surf, the fire theft, john frusciante, the white stripes, cat power, coldplay, yeah yeah yeahs, jem, ryan adams, jet, kings of leon, travis, razorlight, franz ferdinand, the killers, arctic monkeys, frankie, the mars volta, ray lamontagne, depeche mode, david bowie, duran duran, fleetwood mac, rolling stones, led zeplin, led zepplin, led zeppelin, the doors, tom petty, neil young, tom waits, lou reed, iggy pop, live, counting crows, nirvana, ac/dc, ac-dc, acdc, aqua, panic at the disco, fergie, ludacris, 30 seconds to mars, stp, pearl jam, 50 cent, snoop dogg, pussycat dolls, pink spiders, gnarls barkley, cyndi lauper, cindy lauper, pepper, avenged sevenfold, werid al, dance hall crashers, the specials, lindsay lohan, aaron carter, madona, fall out boy, kills boy, plain white tees, the used, cowboy troy, styx, u2, the time, erasure, depeche mode, the cure, maroon 5, bo bice, chamillionaire, daddy yankee, jibbs, diddy, young joc, ciara, beyonce, aly and aj, veronicas, paris hilton, j lo, d4l, michael jackson, rihana, justin timberlake, jt, Young Jeezy, Jay-Z, Pharell, Nelly, lady soverign, mims, akon, justin timberlake, gwen stefani, gym class heroes, nelly furtado, daughtry, fall out boy, ludacris, mary j plige, rihanna, sean paul, beyonce, omarion, lloyd, lil wayne, fat joe, pretty ricky, snoop dogg, unk, robin thicke, hellogoodbye, jim jones, john mayer, nickleback, fergie, the fray, eminem, emminem, ti, my chemical romance, dixie chicks, diddy, keyshia cole, young jeezy, r kelly, jonas brothers, red hot chilli peppers, paula deanda, dey, augustana, t.i., baby boy, lil boosie, red jumpsuit apparatus, avril lavigne, snow patroll, carrie underwood, ciara, hinder, jay biz, keith urban, lumidee, tony sunshine, bow wow, chris brown, johnta austin, kt tunstall, regina spektor, christina agulera, rodney atkins, blue october, fergie, ludachris, martina mcbride, katharine mcphee, jibbs, chamillionaire, mat kearney, musiq soulchild, musiq, trace adkins, three days grace, pink, lily alen, lilly alen, lily allen, jennifer hudson, carrie underwood, cary underwood, jason michael carroll, timbaland, kanye west, the game, unk, paul wall, lil keke, kenny chesney, t-pain, george strait, crime mob, lil scrappy, mika, craig morgan, graig morgan, sugar land, gwen stephani, beyonce, 30 seconds to mars, young joc, yung joc, toby keith, rascal flats, rascal flatts, jason aldean, marques houston, mark houston, vanessa hudgens, anasophia robb, brooks and dunn, joe nichols, pussycat dolls, pcd, the killers, corinne bailey rae, huey, dierks bently, dirks bentley, john mayer, muse, mcr, modest mouse, nine inch nails, breaking benjamin, incubus, rise against, papa roach, the shins, chevelle, silversun pickups, stone sour, beck, the kooks, saosin, sean paul, jonas brothers, kickleback, augustana, keane, omarion, gnarls barkley, all american rejects, blue october, dropkick murphysMore info at jbigga.com! (less)

rola:demasiado tarde letra:neil o' hara (ecuador) musica:victor hugo grupo sahiro-neil o' hara cd. regreso al futuro, ok go noelia Esta noche es la fiesta Nacional de la plaza colon; con stefano de las baladas romanticas de tierra canela con la candela del recuerdo, Los Pecos con el bongo (more)

rola:demasiado tarde letra:neil o' hara (ecuador) musica:victor hugo grupo sahiro-neil o' hara cd. regreso al futuro, ok go noelia Esta noche es la fiesta Nacional de la plaza colon; con stefano de las baladas romanticas de tierra canela con la candela del recuerdo, Los Pecos con el bongo la salsa, esa latin music latina de machala con las bohemia de frank fernandez roberto palacios palazuelos, la accion de clases y los metodos. free lessons, lecciones gratis dirigido por Emilio estefan y es mas www.esmas.com y gloria a dios adios amor, en las alturas el rey midas y herodes con la biblia en la mano. en china y en japon con el cesar a dios le pido; por todos los enanitos verdes y soda estereo y el tri y los bukis, charly garcia; y, luis fonsi que adamaris: en bolivia, ecuador, peru, colombia, españa y alejandro, con las chicas guapas, y ardientes en tanga con bikini y la musica disco en la discoteca-son agogo, gogo dancers y mas stripper monumentales; son sensuales es un tip y tips-de modelismo con los fernandez en jerusalem ya es un hobbie mio de los proano con claudio para bailar con rbd la cumbia con la fea y hermosa betty y la technocumbia, tambien con marea brava; que son muy bonitas y bailando muy bien por su sueno de ser artistas internacionales. a sacudir la alegría, en un party del festival de samborondon las fiestas de quito y guayaquil y en cuenca.. en un rancho con la sexy dance tambien el dj, a bailar con dona tradicion y la comedia de la fiesta, en los lugares hay el guararey con las estrellas.... tambien esta don ramon con bailes de rosero, y con el sucusucu y el sucu el cucu; el canario cantor, ya que tu!! fuiste mia un verano. roberto? / en el tema musical canta!!carlos? fusion con musica andina, y la cuca endemoniada que lo tocan en la radio y los invasores con un millon de visitas los conquistadores. Desde la conquista de franco de vita y delfin, y las torres gemelas. En colorado con jinsop por el amor de una mujer, comprende Charles y sus estrellas en toronto en canada con maria de los angeles: Juanita Burbano' y el conejito que cantan Rock en Español, musica Pop Rock latino; y, son muy Sexies.... y Seductiva tambien con vallejo, alejandra que son actrises y la actriz la mas bella betty; que (baila conmigo) guzman y thalia con Salsa en todo Puerto Rico en un gran Concierto con anita que baila Mambo con una Orquesta de los hermanos mino naranjo, cantan (triste me voy) lo que se deja el gran amigo. ricardo y raul velasco tambien leinad daniel rabadan que le hacen cantar que pasara manana, con lucia ahora tambien nuestro juramento, mendez y castro... fatalidad y entre ellos la radio..Emmanuel, emanuel y Paulina Aguirre Mujer de Fe que Eres Mi Refugio con tamayo. pelo rubio, las rubias del chat; tocando en la Rockola en la recoleta y es mas el latino sebastian cordero con arjona y ramazoti, amor de verano de invierno y de navidad con las christmas presentes ya en todo el mundo y en especial, bailando conmigo.y espiri spiri gonzalez, edgar que es un buen chavo con el fabuloso joan sebastian con un conejito que es una fiera con nariz del diablo..... y jon travolta bailando travoltosos y mi amigo. Mi amiga mi buena amiga. Nos dimos un pequeno masajito para relajarnos entre nosotras y esos buenos masajes con sexo y un buen trasero; tambien estuvo jesus fichamba; QUE ES MUY PANA y los Hermanos Carrion, Bayron Caicedo.la paloma ingrata, la gaviota el aguila el condor y el dinosaurio y la chica cantando Pasillos. Carlos Rubira Infante sabor a miel, Anda rodolfo please baila un sanjuanito ecuatoriano;--que vaya patraña son las chicas de la publicidad. La peor mentira de campañas publicitarias de panties y los edecanes con las bellas porristas y bailarinas{que son unas Babes} lindas. Me encantan las canciones de miguel bose, y las chicas sexis sexys sexies juan luis guerra, kike santander, nicola di vari. EROS RAMAZOTI Y LOS FERNANDEZ, LOS AGUILAR, Y LOS TACUBA; CON TRANZAS EN DURAN Y EN EL CORAZON.. funny from stivie wonder If you have some love, On Giftube you can find me.The most hilarious of the internet! Have fun! Very Animated- Gifts Dave MasteR dinky fok lol, grappig jumpstyle dj random, stuff, dance weird. awesome.michael jackson principio y fin, alfa y omega the end. (less)

rola:demasiado tarde letra:neil o' hara (ecuador) musica:victor hugo grupo sahiro-neil o' hara cd. regreso al futuro, ok go noelia Esta noche es la fiesta Nacional de la plaza colon; con stefano de las baladas romanticas de tierra canela con la candela del recuerdo, Los Pecos con el bongo (more)

rola:demasiado tarde letra:neil o' hara (ecuador) musica:victor hugo grupo sahiro-neil o' hara cd. regreso al futuro, ok go noelia Esta noche es la fiesta Nacional de la plaza colon; con stefano de las baladas romanticas de tierra canela con la candela del recuerdo, Los Pecos con el bongo la salsa, esa latin music latina de machala con las bohemia de frank fernandez roberto palacios palazuelos, la accion de clases y los metodos. free lessons, lecciones gratis dirigido por Emilio estefan y es mas www.esmas.com y gloria a dios adios amor, en las alturas el rey midas y herodes con la biblia en la mano. en china y en japon con el cesar a dios le pido; por todos los enanitos verdes y soda estereo y el tri y los bukis, charly garcia; y, luis fonsi que adamaris: en bolivia, ecuador, peru, colombia, españa y alejandro, con las chicas guapas, y ardientes en tanga con bikini y la musica disco en la discoteca-son agogo, gogo dancers y mas stripper monumentales; son sensuales es un tip y tips-de modelismo con los fernandez en jerusalem ya es un hobbie mio de los proano con claudio para bailar con rbd la cumbia con la fea y hermosa betty y la technocumbia, tambien con marea brava; que son muy bonitas y bailando muy bien por su sueno de ser artistas internacionales. a sacudir la alegría, en un party del festival de samborondon las fiestas de quito y guayaquil y en cuenca.. en un rancho con la sexy dance tambien el dj, a bailar con dona tradicion y la comedia de la fiesta, en los lugares hay el guararey con las estrellas.... tambien esta don ramon con bailes de rosero, y con el sucusucu y el sucu el cucu; el canario cantor, ya que tu!! fuiste mia un verano. roberto? / en el tema musical canta!!carlos? fusion con musica andina, y la cuca endemoniada que lo tocan en la radio y los invasores con un millon de visitas los conquistadores. Desde la conquista de franco de vita y delfin, y las torres gemelas. En colorado con jinsop por el amor de una mujer, comprende Charles y sus estrellas en toronto en canada con maria de los angeles: Juanita Burbano' y el conejito que cantan Rock en Español, musica Pop Rock latino; y, son muy Sexies.... y Seductiva tambien con vallejo, alejandra que son actrises y la actriz la mas bella betty; que (baila conmigo) guzman y thalia con Salsa en todo Puerto Rico en un gran Concierto con anita que baila Mambo con una Orquesta de los hermanos mino naranjo, cantan (triste me voy) lo que se deja el gran amigo. ricardo y raul velasco tambien leinad daniel rabadan que le hacen cantar que pasara manana, con lucia ahora tambien nuestro juramento, mendez y castro... fatalidad y entre ellos la radio..Emmanuel, emanuel y Paulina Aguirre Mujer de Fe que Eres Mi Refugio con tamayo. pelo rubio, las rubias del chat; tocando en la Rockola en la recoleta y es mas el latino sebastian cordero con arjona y ramazoti, amor de verano de invierno y de navidad con las christmas presentes ya en todo el mundo y en especial, bailando conmigo.y espiri spiri gonzalez, edgar que es un buen chavo con el fabuloso joan sebastian con un conejito que es una fiera con nariz del diablo..... y jon travolta bailando travoltosos y mi amigo. Mi amiga mi buena amiga. Nos dimos un pequeno masajito para relajarnos entre nosotras y esos buenos masajes con sexo y un buen trasero; tambien estuvo jesus fichamba; QUE ES MUY PANA y los Hermanos Carrion, Bayron Caicedo.la paloma ingrata, la gaviota el aguila el condor y el dinosaurio y la chica cantando Pasillos. Carlos Rubira Infante sabor a miel, Anda rodolfo please baila un sanjuanito ecuatoriano;--que vaya patraña son las chicas de la publicidad. La peor mentira de campañas publicitarias de panties y los edecanes con las bellas porristas y bailarinas{que son unas Babes} lindas. Me encantan las canciones de miguel bose, y las chicas sexis sexys sexies juan luis guerra, kike santander, nicola di vari. EROS RAMAZOTI Y LOS FERNANDEZ, LOS AGUILAR, Y LOS TACUBA; CON TRANZAS EN DURAN Y EN EL CORAZON.. funny from stivie wonder If you have some love, On Giftube you can find me.The most hilarious of the internet! Have fun! Very Animated- Gifts Dave MasteR dinky fok lol, grappig jumpstyle dj random, stuff, dance weird. awesome.michael jackson principio y fin, alfa y omega the end. (less)

Neil (Gerard Butler) y Abby Warner (Maria Bello) son el matrimonio perfecto; se quieren, tienen una hija maravillosa y éxito en el trabajo. Pero esta plácida existencia se desmorona cuando su hija es secuestrada por un frío y calculador psicópata (Pierce Brosnan) que controlará las próximas (more)

Neil (Gerard Butler) y Abby Warner (Maria Bello) son el matrimonio perfecto; se quieren, tienen una hija maravillosa y éxito en el trabajo. Pero esta plácida existencia se desmorona cuando su hija es secuestrada por un frío y calculador psicópata (Pierce Brosnan) que controlará las próximas horas de sus vidas con la brutal eficacia de alguien que no tiene nada que perder. (less)

Great skit as Will Ferrell plays Neil Diamond, explaining the inspiration of where his songs come from..."I'm fueled creatively...

Great skit as Will Ferrell plays Neil Diamond, explaining the inspiration of where his songs come from..."I'm fueled creatively...

The Fast And The Furious 4 [2009] Director:Justin Lin Release Date:12 June 2009 Genre: Action Fast & Furious (2009) More at IMDb Pro » advertisement Heading back to the streets where it all began, two men rejoin two women to blast muscle, tuner and exotic cars across Los Angeles (more)

The Fast And The Furious 4 [2009] Director:Justin Lin Release Date:12 June 2009 Genre: Action Fast & Furious (2009) More at IMDb Pro » advertisement Heading back to the streets where it all began, two men rejoin two women to blast muscle, tuner and exotic cars across Los Angeles and floor through the Mexican desert. When a crime brings them back to L.A., fugitive ex-con Dom Toretto reignites his feud with agent Brian O'Connor. But as they are forced to confront a shared enemy, Dom and Brian must give in to an uncertain new trust if they hope to outmaneuver him. And from convoy heists to precision tunnel crawls across international lines, two men will find the best way to get revenge: push the limits of what's possible behind the wheel. Written by Universal Studios. CAST: Vin Diesel ... Dominic Toretto Paul Walker ... Brian O'Conner Michelle Rodriguez ... Letty Marciano Jordana Brewster ... Mia Toretto Laz Alonso ... Fenix Rise Gal Gadot ... Gisele Harabo John Ortiz ... Antonio Braga Sung Kang ... Han Lue Kofi Natei ... Main Thug Wilmer Calderon ... Tash Ron Yuan ... David Park Liza Lapira ... Agent Sophie Trinh Shea Whigham ... Agent Ben Stasiak Tego Calderon ... Sunny Pinto Neil Brown Jr. ... Malik Mirtha Michelle ... Cara other cast: Greg Cipes ... Dwight Holly Weber ... Dwight's Girl Kristen De Luca ... Dwight's Kissing Girl Assaf Cohen ... Border Agent Meredith Giangrande ... Club girl Alexandra Cheron ... Sylvia Tiffany Collie ... Santo Domingo Girl Christine Price ... Anne Alejandro Patino ... Tanker driver Matthew Woodward ... Hot Guy #3 Bruna Rubio ... Tash's girl Jessica Martinez ... Santa Domingo Girl #1 Don Tai ... Driver #2 Tony Curtis Blondell ... Fenix's Henchman Troy Brenna ... F.B.I. Agent McCaleb Burnett ... Federal Investigator Luis Moncada ... Scar Thug Nick Dash ... Federal Investigator Joseph Cintron ... Border Patrol Agent David Zahedian ... Braga's Henchman #1 Daniel Colletti ... Henchman #3 Tony Flores ... Fenix' Henchman Lexi Baxter ... Dwight's Girl Guillermo Gomez ... Henchman Barnaby Barrilla ... Chico Chicago Jones ... Fenix Henchmen #2 Harvin Sethi ... Ghostrider Abraham Chaidez ... Braga's Henchman Jason L. Davis ... Henchman #2 Shannon Garnett ... Mexican Henchman Phillip Marshall Tyler ... Fenix Henchman #1 Jerald Garner ... Border Patrol Agent (uncredited) Nikki Giavasis ... Girl in club (uncredited) Justin Rodgers Hall ... Club Bouncer (uncredited) Brandon T. Jackson ... Racer (uncredited) Cassandra Jean ... Club Girl (uncredited) Loren Lazerine ... Border Patrol Agent (uncredited) Richard Ryan ... Club goer (uncredited) Sagine ... Dancer (uncredited) Joseph Julian Soria ... Driver #1 (uncredited) Carlos Zapata ... Swat Guy (uncredited) (less)

9 Classic Rock Songs1.Lynyrd Skynyrd: Sweet Home Alabama2.Kansas: Carry On Wayward Son3.Boston: More Than a Feeling4.Tom Petty: Won't Back Down5.38 Special: Caught Up In You6.Eagles: The New Kid in Town7.Fleetwood Mac: Dreams8.Journey: Wheel in the Sky9.Lynyrd Skynyrd: Free BirdFrom its humble (more)

9 Classic Rock Songs1.Lynyrd Skynyrd: Sweet Home Alabama2.Kansas: Carry On Wayward Son3.Boston: More Than a Feeling4.Tom Petty: Won't Back Down5.38 Special: Caught Up In You6.Eagles: The New Kid in Town7.Fleetwood Mac: Dreams8.Journey: Wheel in the Sky9.Lynyrd Skynyrd: Free BirdFrom its humble start in the 1950s, Rock 'n' Roll, whether an instant classic or a gem needing the gift of time, will go on forever! I wish I could post all of these: AC/DC, The Allman Brothers, America, Aerosmith, The Animals, April Wine, Bachman-Turner Overdrive, Bad Company, The Band, The Beach Boys, The Beatles, Jeff Beck, Chuck Berry, Black Sabbath, Blondie, David Bowie, Blue Oyster Cult, The Buffalo Springfield, The Byrds, The Cars, The Clash, Alice Cooper, Cream, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Crosby Stills Nash Young, Deep Purple, Bo Diddley, Dire Straits, The Doobie Brothers, The Doors, Bob Dylan, The Eagles, Electric Light Orchestra, The Faces, Five Man Electrical Band, Fleetwood Mac, Foghat, Foot in Cold Water, Genesis, Gov't Mule, Grand Funk Railroad, The Grateful Dead, Green Day, The Guess Who, Guns 'N Roses, Bill Haley and his Comets, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Buddy Holly, Humble Pie, Iron Maiden, The Jefferson Airplane, Elton John, Janis Joplin, Judas Priest, King Crimson, The Kinks, KISS, Led Zeppelin, Jerry Lee Lewis, Gordon Lightfoot, Little Richard, Lynyrd Skynyrd, MC5, Metallica, Steve Miller Band, The Moody Blues, Van Morrison, Nirvana, Ted Nugent, Roy Orbison, Pearl Jam, Tom Petty And The Heartbreakers, Pink Floyd, The Police, Jethro Tull, Iggy Pop, Elvis Presley, The Pretenders, Queen, Rage Against The Machine, R.C. Moonpie, Lou Reed, The Rolling Stones, Roxy Music, Rush, Todd Rundgren, Pete Seeger, Bob Seger, The SexPistols, Simon Garfunkel, The Small Faces, Bruce Springsteen, The Stampeders, Rod Stewart, Supertramp, Sweet, Talking Heads, Ten Years After, Three Dog Night, Traffic, T. Rex, The Tubes, Tina Turner, U2, Van Halen, Stevie Ray Vaughn, The Velvet Underground, The Who, The Yardbirds, Yes, Neil Young And Crazy Horse, Frank Zappa, ZZ Top and the rest. (less)

Music composed produced by S.A for oxy911.comBrandy randy jackson jermaine american idol Leonardo DiCaprio Dj omarion timbaland club love song lover stevie wonder jodeci atlanta teddy riley tyrese jd sosodef jermaine dupri jd quincy jones motown timbaland bad boy remix instru notorious big (more)

Music composed produced by S.A for oxy911.comBrandy randy jackson jermaine american idol Leonardo DiCaprio Dj omarion timbaland club love song lover stevie wonder jodeci atlanta teddy riley tyrese jd sosodef jermaine dupri jd quincy jones motown timbaland bad boy remix instru notorious big tupac ray charles aaliyah alicia keys ashanti Beyoncé music Black Brandy bobby valentino bobby brown Cassie Chanté Moore Chris Brown Christina Aguilera Christina Ciara destiny's Child Evanescence janet jackson Jay-Z bee-high jennifer lopez jojo justin timberlake Kaci Brown Kanye West kelis r kelly keyshia cole lumidee madonna mariah carey mary j. blige memphis bleek vanessa williams missy elliott monica nelly next howard seattle new york balckstreet nicole scherzinger nina sky nivea norah jones olivia Ruiz p.diddy paris hilton lenny santiago big dogs raven symone rihanna the black eyed peas the fugees the pussycat dolls tlc toni braxton usher whitney houston mario funkmaster flex sauce money jadakiss eminem scott 50 cent g-unit mase nas lil' jon ludacris brownstone shady mtv craig mack frankie joe stanton sfp roc a fella roberson dj nbc m6 lil'flip en vogue jagged edge jason faith evans wiclef jean keith sweat men of vizion xscape swv dru hill brook valentine total mister ceemethod man redman def jam cassidy ginuwine snoop dogg michael jakson laetita casta james morrison david guetta biggie small 23 number x jesus christblues brother boyz II men coach carter soundtrack depeche mode george gershwin power generation earth wind & fire linkin park marvin gaye adrianna lama faith no more james blunt video jim carrey matrix fat joe guy papoose pharell texas bjork elton john george michael india arie jade lil'wayne mario winans michael gray phil collins prince luc besson sade sisqo tina turner xzibit sound lloyd banks oxy us lara fabianotis redding village people aretha franklin bee gees billy joel carole king james brown diana ross michael jackson eric clapton joe cocker steven spielberg mars titanc vh1 naughty by nature the game the beatnuts dreamworks camron chingy dre alfonzo hunter beverley knight maxwell's lauryn hill todd terry montrel darrett nate dogg the roots ll cool j jackie wilson the platters frank sinatra bow wow arrested development david guetta lil jon neil young j dilla soulchild america got talent craze (less)

A load of tuner cars drift and race on public streets. Song is "We All Die One Day" by Obie Trice, Eminem and G-Unit. Made by www.eddyw.co.ukLyrics:[Chorus: Lloyd Banks]Niggas Know what I'm about out hereI don't toot my own horn cause I don't have toYou can run your mouth I don't carebut (more)

A load of tuner cars drift and race on public streets. Song is "We All Die One Day" by Obie Trice, Eminem and G-Unit. Made by www.eddyw.co.ukLyrics:[Chorus: Lloyd Banks]Niggas Know what I'm about out hereI don't toot my own horn cause I don't have toYou can run your mouth I don't carebut if you get too close I'm gonna clap youIt's too real out here to be scaredA real nigga is gonna do whatever he has toA man is the last thing you should fearit ain't considered a crime unless they catch youWe all die one day[Obie Trice]Niggas when I step up in the bar, faggots wanna looklike you motherfuckers got Obie Trice shookLike I'm gonna stand here as a man andlet some queer ass funny looking nigga get the upper handI got issues, got no time, got guns that mourn nigga's momsshoot up clubs and destroy nigga's vibeseverybody running for their motherfucking livesTough club niggas, we leave early, cock back surelyopen up your fade, your grey brain meets motor city paveyour nervous system still twitch off Jay ZO's an animals skirts get mirkeddon't ever let a nigga tell you slugs don't hurtdon't ever let a nigga tell you play the bar hardtrust in guard it cause you're about to catch a bullet scarI give a fuck where you from who you be withkeep this a secret right by the nutsa 4-5 that'll light niggas up and this 4-5 high make me not give a fuck[Chorus][Lloyd Banks]But as long as I'm here I'm gonna grab checksand make my cash stretch longer than giraffe neckspoverty will make your ass bet on wordstouch niggas in jail make them wanna finish their last sents'they say you live by the gun and die by the next nigga gunif that's the case then get a bigga oneyou don't think I pack the pump cause I'm out of the hoodthat's a stereotype like everyone that's black can jumpI'm in a white mink, the fabric is donegot rings that bling like Mike, Byrd, Magic and themout in Dallas in a palace where the Mavericks is fromliving lavash, I'm established, so the cabbage'll comeI'm the clouds you won't see me in the trainsI travel first class you don't even got a TV on your planeYou should be easy on my name, cause I don't going back and forthyour boss and your captain's soft[Chorus][Eminem]We gonna bring it to anybody who want ityou want it? you gonna get itname em we gon' hit em, chew em up and spit em outtoo much venom and if you role with 'emwe gonna fuck you up with 'emI got too much momentum moving in my direction to losemy shoes will explode as soon as you go to step in 'em (BROOM)you know how we do it when we do how we do it when we come throughG-Unit, D-1-2 and Obie we all move like assassinsski masks and gloves consider this as a warningdisaster comes faster than you can react to it, just ask Muggsbut we are fizast, fuck your litte bitch ass upwe are not killers, my vato will have you shot-odrag through the varrio and fucked like Kim Osariolitte sorry hoe ass, go ask B Realwe burn source covers like fucking Cypress Hilldid in the 90s, when you was in diapers stillshady records you better believe the hype is realthis is no joke, I don't smokebut I toke enough second hand to make my fucking P.O. chokeI'm an OG, you're fucking with a GI JoeBia Bia, mia meo a vida locaI'm a psycho, Mariah ain't got shit on mewhen I retire I'll be spitting baby food on peoplea tent sieged on her ranch, huddled up next to herwith Hello Kitty slippers on, humping her legsyou ever had your gap pealed back or your shit pushed inI put my blade in your like a fucking pin cushionslice your ear clear off, Smirnoff and HindoffI'll show you how to kill a fucking man like Sen DogNobody told you that I'm loco ese`?I lack every sane chemical in my membraneI'm slim sha...dy and the "d" is for deez nutsand you can get each one for free so feast upI pee in a cup for three months, I'm having an E party for easter please come[50 Cent]We gonna bring it to anybody who want ityou want it? you gonna get itname em we gon' hit em, chew em up and spit em outtoo much venom and if you role with 'emwe gonna fuck you up with 'emyou can do all them push ups to pump up your chestI got a 12 gauge Mossberg to pump up your chesthave you gasping for air after that shell hit your vestfear me like you fear god cause I bring deathSilverback gorilla in the concrete jungleI'm the strongest one around you know how I get downI watch gansta flicks and root for the badguyand turn it off before it ends cause the badguy dieif you trying to buy guns I'm the nigga to look toso what they got bodies on 'em, they still look newyou can raise your voice like you fending to touch somethingwhen I raise my knife shit I'm fending to cut somethingsee I walk like Ron O'Neil and talk like Goldieif the bitch think I love her the bitch don't know me(haha Sorry Kim haha)[Chorus] (less)

Kjo eshte nje perleshje midis Gokut dhe Bates(Burter) e dubluar ne gjuhen Shipe Added: December 29, 2007 Category: Film & Animation Tags: Dragon ball shqip albanian goku vs burter (more)

Kjo eshte nje perleshje midis Gokut dhe Bates(Burter) e dubluar ne gjuhen Shipe Added: December 29, 2007 Category: Film & Animation Tags: Dragon ball shqip albanian goku vs burter URL function generateEmbed() { var query = ''; if (document.embedCustomizeForm.embedCustomization[0].checked) { query += '&rel=1'; } else { query += '&rel=0'; } switch (selectedThemeColor) { case 'blank': query += '&color1=0xd6d6d6&color2=0xf0f0f0'; break; case 'storm': query += '&color1=0x3a3a3a&color2=0x999999'; break; case 'iceberg': query += '&color1=0x2b405b&color2=0x6b8ab6'; break; case 'acid': query += '&color1=0x006699&color2=0x54abd6'; break; case 'green': query += '&color1=0x234900&color2=0x4e9e00'; break; case 'orange': query += '&color1=0xe1600f&color2=0xfebd01'; break; case 'pink': query += '&color1=0xcc2550&color2=0xe87a9f'; break; case 'purple': query += '&color1=0x402061&color2=0x9461ca'; break; case 'rubyred': query += '&color1=0x5d1719&color2=0xcd311b'; break; } var showBorder = (document.embedCustomizeForm.show_border_checkbox.checked); query+= '&border=' + (showBorder ? '1' : '0'); var height = (showBorder ? 373 : 355); var embedCode = ''; document.embedForm.embed_code.value = embedCode; } Embed customize After making your selection, copy and paste the embed code above. The code changes based on your selection. Include related videos Don't include related videos Show Border (close) More From: orgenpeja Loading... 0 videos Play All Stop Autoplaying QuickList 1 Related Save | Clear Display: Related Videos Dragon Ball Shqip 2 (Dende,Krillin,Gohan and Neil) 01:57 From: orgenpeja Views: 361 Dragon Ball Z Budokai Tenkaichi 3 Intro + Gameplay 10:50 From: NeoG0han Views: 626,589 dragon ball z 07:42 From: trunkhan Views: 4,800,095 AMV - Dragon Ball GT - Dawn of Victory 08:49 From: IVampireLordI Views: 10,393,010 Kullat Binjake Nga Afer 00:34 From: orgenpeja Views: 183 Dragonball Rap - www.eqp.it 01:58 From: bombillero Views: 10,342,073 dragon ball-cilet jan rrobotet ( pjesa nr2) 06:04 From: adimikli89 Views: 195 Goku and Chichi-Hips don't lie 03:40 From: AngelicSenPadme Views: 286,412 Dragon Ball Shqip 4(Cell 1st Form vs. Piccolo fuse with Kami 01:46 From: orgenpeja Views: 139 Dragon ball shqip Kohe e gjate pa u pare (pjesa nr2) 07:00 From: adimikli89 Views: 420 Dragon ball shqip super sajani i ri (pjesa nr1) 09:59 From: adimikli89 Views: 376 Dragonball Z Sparking Neo - Wii Training 04:21 From: destroy888 Views: 1,150,454 Dragon Ball Z - Goku VS Brolly 03:56 From: James267 Views: 6,605,791 Dragon ball shqip Kohe e gjate pa u pare (pjesa nr1) 07:38 From: adimikli89 Views: 334 Dragon ball shqip super sajani i ri (pjesa nr3) 05:41 From: adimikli89 Views: 292 Dragon ball sgqip Vijen Vegjita 08:09 From: adimikli89 Views: 238 DBZ Goku vs jeice and burter full fight no filler 09:57 From: deathbladewarrior55 Views: 6,488 beba shum e mir gezuar 2008 (1) 00:55 From: fatosmafia Views: 1,748 dragon ball-sulmi i dy fishte i semundies dhe a ( pjesa nr2) 04:22 From: adimikli89 Views: 55 Dragonball Z Budokai Tenkaichi 3 New Trailer! 04:25 From: UchihaKashuto Views: 183,715 See all 30 videos Promoted Videos Amy Winehous e SMO... 06:28 WHATTHEBUCK... Where do we go fr... 04:06 boh3m3 JDMA Webisode 304b 09:42 Oxygen Terroris t Says Wh... 03:43 sxephil Face The Candidates Add to iGoogle Videos Channels Your Account Help & Info YouTube Videos Inbox Help Center Safety Tips Company Info Press Favorites Subscriptions Video Toolbox Copyright Notices TestTube Contact Playlists more... Developer APIs Community Guidelines Terms of Use Blog Privacy Policy Jobs © 2008 YouTube, LLC (less)

Barbra Streisand has recorded more than 60 albums, almost all with the Columbia Records label. Her early works in the 1960s (her debut, The Second Barbra Streisand Album, The Third Album, My Name Is Barbra, etc.) are considered classic renditions of theatre and nightclub standards, including (more)

Barbra Streisand has recorded more than 60 albums, almost all with the Columbia Records label. Her early works in the 1960s (her debut, The Second Barbra Streisand Album, The Third Album, My Name Is Barbra, etc.) are considered classic renditions of theatre and nightclub standards, including her famously ironic version of "Happy Days Are Here Again". Beginning with My Name Is Barbra her albums were often medley-filled keepsakes of her television specials. Starting in 1969, Streisand tackled contemporary songwriters; she floundered on attempts to tackle rock, but finally found success with the pop and ballad-oriented, Richard Perry-produced Stoney End in 1971, whose Laura Nyro-written title track was a big hit. During the 1970s she was also highly prominent in the pop charts, with number-one records like "The Way We Were", "Evergreen", "No More Tears (Enough Is Enough)" and "Woman In Love"; some of these came from soundtrack records to her films. When the 1970s ended, Streisand was named the most successful female singer in the U.S., with only Elvis Presley and The Beatles having sold more albums. In 1982, music critic Stephen Holden wrote that Streisand was "The most influential mainstream American pop singer since Frank Sinatra." Streisand returned to her musical theater roots with 1985's The Broadway Album. This was an unexpected commercial success, holding the coveted #1 Billboard position for 3 weeks straight, and being certified 3x Platinum. The album featured some songs reworked by Stephen Sondheim especially for this recording, was critically acclaimed, nominated as Album of the Year and landed Streisand her 8th Grammy as Best Female Vocalist. In 1991 a four-disc box set, entitled Just for the Record was released, spanning Streisand's entire career. A separate disc, entitled "Highlights from Just for the Record" featured two dozen tracks, including live material, greatest hits, and rarities, from her early recordings up to 1991. Around 1992, however, music success was not in Streisand's favor. She was again, proclaimed the most influential entertainer by the New York Times, for her relationship with President Bill Clinton. Streisand's concert fundraising events helped propel Clinton into the spotlight and into office. Streisand later introduced Clinton at his inauguration in 1992. However, Streisand's music career was on hold. A concert tour was suggested to her and she debated it for nearly 2 yrs, due to her immense stage fright. A year later, Streisand landed yet another #1 Back to Broadway (another show-tunes themed piece). In September 1993, Streisand made news again, announcing her first public concert tour in 27 years. Tickets to the limited tour were sold out in under 1 hr. Streisand also hit the cover of every major magazine, in anticipation of what Time magazine named, "The Music Event of the Century." The tour was one of the biggest all-media merchandise parlays in history. Ticket prices ranged from $50 to $1,500 - making Streisand the highest paid concert performer in history. Barbra Streisand: The Concert, went on to be the top grossing concert of the year, earned 2 Emmy Awards, the prestigious Peabody Award, and the taped broadcast on HBO is to-date, the highest rated concert special in HBO's 30 year history. On New Year's Eve 1999 she returned to the concert stage, scoring another personal triumph for giving the highest grossing single concert in Las Vegas history to date. At the end of the last millennium, she still was the number-one female singer in the United States, with at least 2 # 1 albums in each decade since she had started out. Her most recent albums have been Christmas Memories (2001), a collection of somber holiday songs, and The Movie Album (2003), featuring famous movie themes and backed by a large symphony orchestra. Guilty Pleasures (called Guilty Too in the UK), a collaboration with Barry Gibb and a sequel album to their previous Guilty, was released worldwide in 2005. In 2006, rumours were rife that Streisand would go on tour again, but this has yet to be conifmed by the singer herself. [Info wikipedia.org] (less)

Neil Patrick Harris and Jason Segel of "How I Met Your Mother" Sing "Confrontation" from Les Mis on the Megan Mullally Show

Neil Patrick Harris and Jason Segel of "How I Met Your Mother" Sing "Confrontation" from Les Mis on the Megan Mullally Show

http://www.downloadanytvshows.com Download How I Met Your Mother full episodes online using the tv shows download service being used by millions of people worldwide at the site above

http://www.downloadanytvshows.com Download How I Met Your Mother full episodes online using the tv shows download service being used by millions of people worldwide at the site above

Dragon Ball Z - Episodio - 077 - La Aparicion De Un Nuevo Guerrero, Pikoro Y Neil Se Fusionan

Dragon Ball Z - Episodio - 077 - La Aparicion De Un Nuevo Guerrero, Pikoro Y Neil Se Fusionan

Crosby, Stills & Nash (and Young) (comúnmente conocida como CSN o CSNY) es una banda de rock and roll y Folk Rock fundada en 1968. El grupo se formó por la incorporación de Graham Nash, procedente del grupo The Hollies (Inglaterra), más David Crosby, miembro fundador de The Byrds y Stephen (more)

Crosby, Stills & Nash (and Young) (comúnmente conocida como CSN o CSNY) es una banda de rock and roll y Folk Rock fundada en 1968. El grupo se formó por la incorporación de Graham Nash, procedente del grupo The Hollies (Inglaterra), más David Crosby, miembro fundador de The Byrds y Stephen Stills antiguo componente de Buffalo Springfield; más tarde se incorporó Neil Young, también http://www.euskalnet.net/ovni-club/ Ovni Club (less)

Crosby, Stills & Nash (and Young) (comúnmente conocida como CSN o CSNY) es una banda de rock and roll y Folk Rock fundada en 1968. El grupo se formó por la incorporación de Graham Nash, procedente del grupo The Hollies (Inglaterra), más David Crosby, miembro fundador de The Byrds y Stephen (more)

Crosby, Stills & Nash (and Young) (comúnmente conocida como CSN o CSNY) es una banda de rock and roll y Folk Rock fundada en 1968. El grupo se formó por la incorporación de Graham Nash, procedente del grupo The Hollies (Inglaterra), más David Crosby, miembro fundador de The Byrds y Stephen Stills antiguo componente de Buffalo Springfield; más tarde se incorporó Neil Young, también http://www.euskalnet.net/ovni-club/ Ovni Club (less)

Crosby, Stills & Nash (and Young) (comúnmente conocida como CSN o CSNY) es una banda de rock and roll y Folk Rock fundada en 1968. El grupo se formó por la incorporación de Graham Nash, procedente del grupo The Hollies (Inglaterra), más David Crosby, miembro fundador de The Byrds y Stephen (more)

Crosby, Stills & Nash (and Young) (comúnmente conocida como CSN o CSNY) es una banda de rock and roll y Folk Rock fundada en 1968. El grupo se formó por la incorporación de Graham Nash, procedente del grupo The Hollies (Inglaterra), más David Crosby, miembro fundador de The Byrds y Stephen Stills antiguo componente de Buffalo Springfield; más tarde se incorporó Neil Young, también http://www.euskalnet.net/ovni-club/ Ovni Club (less)